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[中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)記者]總理您好。您在報(bào)告里講改革要有壯士斷腕的決心、背水一戰(zhàn)的氣概，還要抓住牽一發(fā)動(dòng)全身的舉措，那么今年您覺(jué)得最應(yīng)該從哪些領(lǐng)域突破？謝謝總理。

China Daily: In your government work report, you said that the government will pursue reform with utmost determination and focus on those reform steps that will have an overall impact. I would like to ask: what is the top priority on the government reform agenda this year?

[李克強(qiáng)]黨的十八屆三中全會(huì)提出要全面深化改革，也就是要把改革貫穿到經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域、各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。我回想了一下，去年以來(lái)國(guó)務(wù)院開(kāi)了40次常務(wù)會(huì)議，其中有30次是研究改革相關(guān)的議題，即使是其他議題我們也是在用改革的精神研究和推進(jìn)的。其基本取向那就是讓市場(chǎng)發(fā)力、激活社會(huì)的創(chuàng)造力，政府盡應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任，讓人民受惠。這也使我回想起30多年前，我在農(nóng)村作村干部，那時(shí)候起早貪黑，恨不得把每個(gè)勞動(dòng)力當(dāng)天干什么都給定下來(lái)，結(jié)果呢？到頭來(lái)就是吃不飽肚子。后來(lái)搞承包制，放開(kāi)搞活，農(nóng)民自己決定干什么、怎么種，幾年時(shí)間溫飽問(wèn)題就解決了。當(dāng)然，我們現(xiàn)在推進(jìn)全面深化改革，實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)要有個(gè)過(guò)程，但古人說(shuō)“吾道一以貫之”，只要我們鍥而不舍，假以時(shí)日，必有成效。

Li Keqiang: It was decided at the third Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee that we will pursue a comprehensive deepening of reform in China. This means that reform will be carried out in all areas of China’s economic and social development. Since last year, the State Council has altogether convened 40 executive meetings. Thirty of them are directly related to reform topics. And the rest of the topics are also studied and pursued with the spirit of reform. The ultimate goal of reform is to energize the market and stimulate creativity of the society. The government needs to perform its duties well to bring benefits to the people. Your question reminds me of those days I spent in a rural village as a cadre more than 30 years ago. During that time, I worked very hard around the clock. I was anxious to plan out the share of work for each and every villager for the day. But still, with all the hard work, we still didn’t have enough to eat. But later, land was contracted to local villagers, past restrictions were lifted, and peasants were able to decide for themselves what they wanted to grow on the contracted land and what they wanted to do. In just a few years’ time, food and clothing was no longer a problem. To comprehensively deepen reform in China will take time. But our ancestors believe that one needs to be persistent in one’s pursuit of the objective. With persistent efforts over time, I believe we will be able to achieve our goal.

我們要全面深化改革，但是也要抓牽牛鼻子的改革，在重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域要有所突破。今年我們還要繼續(xù)推進(jìn)簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)，讓市場(chǎng)發(fā)力，有效規(guī)范地發(fā)揮作用；還要把財(cái)稅金融改革作為重頭戲，包括給小微企業(yè)減免稅費(fèi)方面有新的舉措，給市場(chǎng)助力；以結(jié)構(gòu)改革推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，深化國(guó)企改革，發(fā)展混合所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，放寬市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，尤其是在服務(wù)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，像醫(yī)療、養(yǎng)老、金融等，讓市場(chǎng)增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。諸多的改革我在政府工作報(bào)告當(dāng)中都說(shuō)了，這里就不再贅述了，關(guān)鍵還在于推進(jìn)落實(shí)。當(dāng)然，改革會(huì)觸動(dòng)利益、會(huì)動(dòng)“奶酪”，你放權(quán)，有些人的權(quán)就少了。放寬市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，增強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，現(xiàn)有的一些企業(yè)就會(huì)感到壓力。但是為了釋放改革紅利，尤其是讓廣大人民受惠，我們義無(wú)反顧。謝謝。

In the course of comprehensively deepening reform, we certainly need to stay focused on key reform initiatives, and seek breakthroughs in key areas. This year, we will continue to streamline administration and delegate power to let the market fully play its role in an effective and well-regulated manner. We will take fiscal, tax and financial reforms as priorities. For example, new steps will be taken to ease the tax burden on micro and small businesses to boost market vitality. We will pursue structural reform to boost structural adjustment. In this area, we will deepen reform of state-owned enterprises, vigorously develop a mixed-ownership economy and ease market access, especially in the service sector, such as health care, old-age support and financial services to boost market competition. I have set out in detail the reform initiatives we are going to take this year in my government work report. I will not elaborate on it here. The crucial thing is to ensure that all reform measures will be fully implemented. In the course of reform, the vested interests will be shaken up and some people’s cheese will be moved, so to speak. For example, in the course of power delegation, some government departments will find fewer powers in their hands. In boosting market competition and easing market access, some existing companies will feel greater pressure. But in order to further release the dividends of reform and bring greater benefits to our people, we will carry through the reform without hesitation.

[臺(tái)灣東森電視臺(tái)記者]總理，您好。我們都知道兩岸現(xiàn)在迎來(lái)了一個(gè)好的機(jī)遇，在今年過(guò)完年之后，兩岸主管事務(wù)部門負(fù)責(zé)人見(jiàn)了面，而且習(xí)主席也與中國(guó)國(guó)民黨榮譽(yù)主席連戰(zhàn)見(jiàn)面，并且發(fā)表了重要談話。我的問(wèn)題是，兩岸現(xiàn)在的交流以及互動(dòng)非常密切，大家也非常希望兩岸關(guān)系有新的突破。請(qǐng)問(wèn)您對(duì)新的一年兩岸關(guān)系發(fā)展有什么樣的期待？謝謝。

ETTV of Taiwan: We now see a great opportunity for further growth of cross-Straits relations. Shortly after the Chinese New Year, the competent departments of the two sides of the Taiwan Straits held a meeting. General Secretary Xi Jinping met with KMT Honorary Chairman Lien Chan, and made important remarks on cross-Straits relations. There has been very close exchange and cooperation between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits. People on both sides hope to see new breakthrough in cross-Straits ties. What is your expectation for cross-Straits ties this year?

[李克強(qiáng)]兩岸是手足同胞，一家人，此話可以說(shuō)常講常新。你剛才列舉了兩岸關(guān)系進(jìn)展的一些事實(shí)，我也想講一件很有趣的事。去年兩岸的媒體共同把“進(jìn)”字作為兩岸年度漢字。這個(gè)字可以說(shuō)反映了兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)，也反映了兩岸民眾的期待，我也期待著在新的一年兩岸關(guān)系有新的進(jìn)展，再進(jìn)一步。我認(rèn)為兩岸關(guān)系中重要的內(nèi)容是人員往來(lái)和經(jīng)貿(mào)合作。去年兩岸人員往來(lái)已經(jīng)突破800萬(wàn)人次，創(chuàng)歷史新高，希望繼續(xù)保持這樣一個(gè)好勢(shì)頭。兩岸還在就ECFA后續(xù)協(xié)議進(jìn)行商談，希望早出成果，造福兩岸的民眾和有關(guān)企業(yè)。借此機(jī)會(huì)也請(qǐng)你轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)我對(duì)臺(tái)灣同胞新的一年的祝福。謝謝。

Li Keqiang: People on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are compatriots and members of one family. This is always true and highly relevant. Just now, you mentioned a few important events in the recent development of cross-Straits ties. Let me also share one interesting anecdote. Last year, media of the two sides of the Taiwan Straits jointly selected the Chinese character “進(jìn)”, or “progress” in English, as “Chinese Character of the Year”. I believe this shows the trend of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and represents the common wish of people on both sides. I hope to see even greater and new progress in cross-Straits ties this year. I believe people-to-people exchange and business cooperation are important components of cross-Straits relations. Last year, over 8 million visits were exchanged between people of the two sides, reaching a new high. We hope such good momentum will be kept. Moreover, the two sides are also in consultation of a follow-up to the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA). We hope to see early results out of the consultations so that greater benefits can be delivered to people and businesses of both sides. Please also convey my New Year greetings to our Taiwan compatriots.

[新華社和新華網(wǎng)記者]總理你好，房地產(chǎn)問(wèn)題一直是社會(huì)持續(xù)關(guān)注的問(wèn)題，今年兩會(huì)上也有代表委員提了很多的建議和意見(jiàn)。那么請(qǐng)問(wèn)總理，政府在這方面有沒(méi)有什么新的思路和新的舉措？謝謝。

Xinhua News Agency: The housing issue has always been a hot topic among the Chinese society. During this year’s two sessions, many deputies and members put forward their suggestions and views on this topic. I would like to ask what will be the new ideas and measures of the government on this issue?

[李克強(qiáng)]房地產(chǎn)問(wèn)題是個(gè)大問(wèn)題，它直接關(guān)系到居民住房問(wèn)題。讓人民群眾住有所居，這應(yīng)該是政府奮斗的目標(biāo)。我們需要根據(jù)不同人群的需求，不同城市的情況，分類施策、分城施策。政府還是要用更多的精力、更大的力度來(lái)解決好群眾的基本住房需求問(wèn)題?，F(xiàn)在我們國(guó)家城鎮(zhèn)集中連片的棚戶區(qū)還居住著上億人，可以說(shuō)不具備基本的生存條件。幾百個(gè)人一個(gè)旱廁，特別是北方，到了冬天居民入睡要帶著棉帽、穿著棉衣，這可以說(shuō)是政府心頭之痛。所以今年我們要繼續(xù)加大棚戶區(qū)改造的力度，至少要再改造470萬(wàn)套以上。當(dāng)然，我們也要推進(jìn)公租房等保障房建設(shè)，并且實(shí)行公平分配，讓新就業(yè)的年輕人和長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)城務(wù)工的人員緩解住房困難。在這方面，我認(rèn)為干一寸勝過(guò)說(shuō)一尺。對(duì)于合理的自住需求，也要有相應(yīng)的政策支持，包括增加普通商品房供應(yīng)。對(duì)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)則是要因城因地分類進(jìn)行調(diào)控，抑制投機(jī)投資性需求，重在建立長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，促進(jìn)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)平穩(wěn)健康發(fā)展。謝謝。

Li Keqiang: The real estate issue is a big issue, as it directly concerns home of the people. The goal of the government is to ensure adequate housing for the people. We need to take differential measures in response to diverse needs and in light of different situations in different cities. I believe the government needs to focus on and do more to meet the people’s basic housing needs. Now, up to 100 million people still live in those contiguous poor urban rundown areas, and these people lack their basic living conditions. For example, several hundred people have to share one toilet, and in places in Northern China, people have to wear cotton-padded coats and hats when they go to sleep on a winter night. This is deeply distressing for the government. We will rebuild more rundown areas this year, and the goal is to rebuild at least over 4.7 million rundown houses. At the same time, we will also build more government-subsidized housing, such as public rental housing to ease the housing difficulty of those young people who have just entered workforce and rural migrant workers, and ensure that these housing units will be distributed equitably. In this regard, even a small action is a lot more important than a thousand words. There will be policy support for reasonable housing needs for self-living. The government will increase the supply of ordinary commercial housing. We will take a differential approach in regulating the housing market for different places. We will curb the housing needs for speculation and investment purposes, and establish a long-term mechanism to promote steady and sound growth of the housing market.