二、2018年經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展總體要求和政策取向
The overall requirements and policy direction for economic and social development in 2018

今年是全面貫徹黨的十九大精神的開局之年，是改革開放40周年，是決勝全面建成小康社會、實施“十三五”規(guī)劃承上啟下的關(guān)鍵一年。做好政府工作，要在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領(lǐng)導下，以馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發(fā)展觀、習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，全面深入貫徹黨的十九大和十九屆二中、三中全會精神，貫徹黨的基本理論、基本路線、基本方略，堅持和加強黨的全面領(lǐng)導，堅持穩(wěn)中求進工作總基調(diào)，堅持新發(fā)展理念，緊扣我國社會主要矛盾變化，按照高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的要求，統(tǒng)籌推進“五位一體”總體布局和協(xié)調(diào)推進“四個全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，堅持以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線，統(tǒng)籌推進穩(wěn)增長、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風險各項工作，大力推進改革開放，創(chuàng)新和完善宏觀調(diào)控，推動質(zhì)量變革、效率變革、動力變革，特別在打好防范化解重大風險、精準脫貧、污染防治的攻堅戰(zhàn)方面取得扎實進展，引導和穩(wěn)定預期，加強和改善民生，促進經(jīng)濟社會持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。
This year will kick off our efforts to put all the guiding principles from the Party’s 19th National Congress into action. It is the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, and it is a crucial year for securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and for continuing to implement the 13th Five-Year Plan.

To accomplish the government’s work for the year, we must, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, do the following:

- follow the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era;

- implement fully all the guiding principles from the Party’s 19th National Congress and the second and third plenary sessions of the 19th Party Central Committee;

- act on the Party’s basic theory, line, and policy;

- adhere to and strengthen Party leadership in all of our work;

- remain committed to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability and to the new development philosophy;

- respond to the change in the principal contradiction in Chinese society;

- heed the requirement that development must be high quality;

- coordinate efforts to pursue the five-sphere integrated plan and the four-pronged comprehensive strategy;

- continue to regard supply-side structural reform as our main task;

- coordinate all work to maintain stable growth, promote reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risk;

- work hard to reform and open up further;

- explore new ideas on and improve macro regulation;

- promote a change in quality, change in efficiency, and change in growth drivers;

- work particularly for solid progress in forestalling and defusing major risks, in targeted poverty alleviation, and in addressing pollution;

- guide and stabilize expectations, improve living standards, and promote sustained, healthy economic and social development.

綜合分析國內(nèi)外形勢，我國發(fā)展面臨的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)并存。世界經(jīng)濟有望繼續(xù)復蘇，但不穩(wěn)定不確定因素很多，主要經(jīng)濟體政策調(diào)整及其外溢效應(yīng)帶來變數(shù)，保護主義加劇，地緣政治風險上升。我國經(jīng)濟正處在轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式、優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)、轉(zhuǎn)換增長動力的攻關(guān)期，還有很多坡要爬、坎要過，需要應(yīng)對可以預料和難以預料的風險挑戰(zhàn)。實踐表明，中國的發(fā)展成就從來都是在攻堅克難中取得的。當前我國物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)更加雄厚，產(chǎn)業(yè)體系完備、市場規(guī)模巨大、人力資源豐富、創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新活躍，綜合優(yōu)勢明顯，有能力有條件實現(xiàn)更高質(zhì)量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持續(xù)的發(fā)展。
A comprehensive analysis of how things stand at home and abroad tells us that China, in its development, faces both opportunities and challenges.We can expect continued recovery of the global economy, but there are also many factors that bring instability and uncertainty. The policy changes of the major economies and their spillover effects create uncertainty; protectionism is mounting, and geopolitical risks are on the ascent.China’s economy is now in a pivotal period in the transformation of its growth model, its structural improvement, and its shift to new growth drivers. There are still many hills to climb and gorges to cross; we will have to face risks and challenges, some foreseeable and others not.In fact it’s always been the case that China’s achievements in development have been made while overcoming difficulties. Today, China’s material and technological foundations are much stronger; its industrial system is complete, its market is vast, its human resources are abundant, and its entrepreneurs and innovators are dynamic. We enjoy composite advantages, and all this means that we have the ability and the conditions to achieve higher quality, more efficient, fairer, and more sustainable development.

今年發(fā)展主要預期目標是：國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長6．5％左右；居民消費價格漲幅3％左右；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1100萬人以上，城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率5．5％以內(nèi)，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率4．5％以內(nèi)；居民收入增長和經(jīng)濟增長基本同步；進出口穩(wěn)中向好，國際收支基本平衡；單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降3％以上，主要污染物排放量繼續(xù)下降；供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革取得實質(zhì)性進展，宏觀杠桿率保持基本穩(wěn)定，各類風險有序有效防控。
Based on the above considerations, we have set the following projected targets for development this year:

- GDP growth of around 6.5 percent

- CPI increase of around 3 percent

- Over 11 million new urban jobs, the surveyed urban unemployment rate within 5.5 percent, and the registered urban jobless rate within 4.5 percent

- Basic parity in personal income growth and economic growth

- A steady rise in import and export volumes, and a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments

- A drop of at least 3 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and continued reductions in the release of major pollutants

- Substantive progress in supply-side structural reform, basically stable macro leverage, and systematic and effective prevention and control of risk

上述主要預期目標，考慮了決勝全面建成小康社會需要，符合我國經(jīng)濟已由高速增長階段轉(zhuǎn)向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展階段實際。從經(jīng)濟基本面和就業(yè)吸納能力看，6．5％左右的增速可以實現(xiàn)比較充分的就業(yè)。城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率涵蓋農(nóng)民工等城鎮(zhèn)常住人口，今年首次把這一指標作為預期目標，以更全面反映就業(yè)狀況，更好體現(xiàn)共享發(fā)展要求。
The above targets take into consideration the need to secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and are fitting given the fact that China’s economy is transitioning from a phase of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development. Given our economic fundamentals and capacity for job creation, GDP growth of around 6.5 percent will enable us to achieve relatively full employment. The surveyed urban unemployment rate covers rural migrant workers and other permanent urban residents. This year, for the first time we are using this indicator as a projected target; this is intended to give a fuller picture of employment and to better reflect the requirement that development is to be shared by everyone.

今年要繼續(xù)創(chuàng)新和完善宏觀調(diào)控，把握好宏觀調(diào)控的度，保持宏觀政策連續(xù)性穩(wěn)定性，加強財政、貨幣、產(chǎn)業(yè)、區(qū)域等政策協(xié)調(diào)配合。
This year, we will continue to develop new ways of improving macro regulation and ensure that the degree of macro regulation is right. We will maintain the continuity and consistency of macro policies, and better coordinate fiscal, monetary, industrial, regional, and other policies.

積極的財政政策取向不變，要聚力增效。今年赤字率擬按2．6％安排，比去年預算低0．4個百分點；財政赤字2．38萬億元，其中中央財政赤字1．55萬億元，地方財政赤字8300億元。調(diào)低赤字率，主要是我國經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)中向好、財政增收有基礎(chǔ)，也為宏觀調(diào)控留下更多政策空間。今年全國財政支出21萬億元，支出規(guī)模進一步加大。中央對地方一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付增長10．9％，增強地方特別是中西部地區(qū)財力。優(yōu)化財政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，提高財政支出的公共性、普惠性，加大對三大攻堅戰(zhàn)的支持，更多向創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動、“三農(nóng)”、民生等領(lǐng)域傾斜。當前財政狀況出現(xiàn)好轉(zhuǎn)，各級政府仍要堅持過緊日子，執(zhí)守簡樸、力戒浮華，嚴控一般性支出，把寶貴的資金更多用于為發(fā)展增添后勁、為民生雪中送炭。
The proactive direction of our fiscal policy will remain unchanged, and we will concentrate efforts to increase efficiency. This year’s deficit as a percentage of GDP is projected at 2.6 percent, 0.4 percentage point lower than last year. The government deficit is projected at 2.38 trillion yuan, with a central government deficit of 1.55 trillion yuan and local government deficit of 0.83 trillion yuan. The reduction in the deficit-to-GDP ratio is mainly due to China’s economic growth being steady and the foundation being there for an increase in revenue; it also keeps policy options open for macro regulation.Government expenditure is budgeted at 21 trillion yuan, representing a further increase in the scale of spending. The central government will increase general transfer payments to local governments by 10.9 percent, to strengthen local finances, especially in the central and western regions.We will improve the composition of government spending, making spending more oriented toward the public good and universal benefit, increasing support for the three critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution, and weighting spending toward innovation-driven development, agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents, and the improvement of living standards.Although government finances are improving, government at all levels must keep its belt tightened, keep things as simple as possible, abstain from all excess, and strictly control general expenditures, so that these precious funds are used to add growth drivers for sustaining development and to meet people’s most urgent needs.

穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策保持中性，要松緊適度。管好貨幣供給總閘門，保持廣義貨幣M2、信貸和社會融資規(guī)模合理增長，維護流動性合理穩(wěn)定，提高直接融資特別是股權(quán)融資比重。疏通貨幣政策傳導渠道，用好差別化準備金、差異化信貸等政策，引導資金更多投向小微企業(yè)、“三農(nóng)”和貧困地區(qū)，更好服務(wù)實體經(jīng)濟。
Our prudent monetary policy will remain neutral, with easing or tightening only as appropriate. We need to make sure that the valve of aggregate monetary supply is well controlled, maintain moderate growth in M2 money supply, credit, and aggregate financing, ensure a reasonable, stable level of liquidity, and increase the proportion of direct finance, particularly equity finance. We will improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, make better use of differentiated reserve ratio and credit policies, and encourage more funds to flow toward small and micro businesses, agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents, and poor areas, and to better serve the real economy.

做好今年工作，要認真貫徹習近平新時代中國特色社會主義經(jīng)濟思想，堅持穩(wěn)中求進工作總基調(diào)，把穩(wěn)和進作為一個整體來把握，注重以下幾點。一是大力推動高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。發(fā)展是解決我國一切問題的基礎(chǔ)和關(guān)鍵。要著力解決發(fā)展不平衡不充分問題，圍繞建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟體系，堅持質(zhì)量第一、效益優(yōu)先，促進經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級。要尊重經(jīng)濟規(guī)律，遠近結(jié)合，確保經(jīng)濟運行在合理區(qū)間，實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)增長和質(zhì)量效益提高互促共進。二是加大改革開放力度。改革開放是決定當代中國命運的關(guān)鍵一招，也是實現(xiàn)“兩個一百年”奮斗目標的關(guān)鍵一招。在新的歷史起點上，思想要再解放，改革要再深化，開放要再擴大。充分發(fā)揮人民首創(chuàng)精神，鼓勵各地從實際出發(fā)，敢闖敢試，敢于碰硬，把改革開放不斷向前推進。三是抓好決勝全面建成小康社會三大攻堅戰(zhàn)。要分別提出工作思路和具體舉措，排出時間表、路線圖、優(yōu)先序，確保風險隱患得到有效控制，確保脫貧攻堅任務(wù)全面完成，確保生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量總體改善。我們所做的一切工作，都是為了人民。要堅持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，從我國基本國情出發(fā)，盡力而為、量力而行，把群眾最關(guān)切最煩心的事一件一件解決好，促進社會公平正義和人的全面發(fā)展，使人民生活隨著國家發(fā)展一年比一年更好。
For government to deliver this year, we must act on Xi Jinping’s economic thinking for new-era socialism with Chinese characteristics, continue following the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, and regard stability and progress as being indivisible. Specifically, we will do the following:First, we will strongly promote high-quality development. Development is the underpinning and the key for solving all our country’s problems. We will devote attention to addressing unbalanced and insufficient development. Centering on developing a modernized economy, we will put quality first and give priority to performance, and promote economic structural improvement and upgrading. We must respect objective economic laws, consider both long- and near-term needs, ensure the economy performs within a reasonable range, and achieve a situation in which steady economic growth and improvement in quality and performance reinforce each other.Second, we will be bolder in reform and opening up. Reform and opening was a game-changing move in making China what it is today; it now remains a game-changing move for us to achieve China’s two centenary goals. Standing at a new historic starting point, we must go further in freeing our minds, in deepening reform, and in opening up. We need to give full play to the pioneering drive of the people, and encourage all localities, based on their own conditions, to dare to explore, dare to try things out, and dare to confront the toughest of issues, to keep reform and opening up constantly moving forward.Third, we will ensure success in the three critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution, battles that are important for decisively bringing to completion the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. We need to adopt targeted approaches and specific measures, draw up timetables and roadmaps, and set well-defined priorities. We will make sure risks and potential dangers are effectively controlled, make sure poverty alleviation is fully accomplished, and make sure there is an overall improvement in the quality of the environment.All of our work is work for the people. We will stay true to the vision of people-centered development, start by considering China’s own situation, and do everything within our capacity to resolve each and every one of the issues that most affect and worry our people, promote social fairness and justice and well-rounded human development, and see that the people’s lives, along with our country’s development, keep getting better year after year.