2018年以來，我國發(fā)展面臨多年少有的國內(nèi)外復(fù)雜嚴(yán)峻形勢，經(jīng)濟出現(xiàn)新的下行壓力。在這種背景下，我們梳理一下，今年的《政府工作報告》做了哪些“加減法”。

1. Minus taxes and fees, plus market vitality
企業(yè)稅費的“減法”與市場活力的“加法”

We will implement larger-scale tax cuts, and we will introduce both general-benefit and structural tax cuts, focusing primarily on reducing tax burdens in manufacturing and on small and micro businesses.
實施更大規(guī)模的減稅。普惠性減稅與結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅并舉，重點降低制造業(yè)和小微企業(yè)稅收負擔(dān)。

VAT reform will be deepened: We will reduce the current rate of 16 percent in manufacturing and other industries to 13 percent, and lower the rate in the transportation, construction, and other industries from 10 to 9 percent, thus ensuring that tax burdens in our main industries are meaningfully reduced.
深化增值稅改革，將制造業(yè)等行業(yè)現(xiàn)行16%的稅率降至13%，將交通運輸業(yè)、建筑業(yè)等行業(yè)現(xiàn)行10%的稅率降至9%，確保主要行業(yè)稅負明顯降低；

We will keep the lowest bracket rate unchanged at 6 percent while adopting supporting measures, like increased tax deductions for producer and consumer services, to see that in all industries tax burdens only go down, not up; and continue making progress toward cutting the number of VAT brackets from three to two and simplifying the VAT system.We will ensure that the general-benefit tax cut policies issued at the start of the year for small and micro businesses are put into effect.
保持6%一檔的稅率不變，但通過采取對生產(chǎn)、生活性服務(wù)業(yè)增加稅收抵扣等配套措施，確保所有行業(yè)稅負只減不增，繼續(xù)向推進稅率三檔并兩檔、稅制簡化方向邁進。抓好年初出臺的小微企業(yè)普惠性減稅政策落實。

在更大規(guī)模減稅之余，李克強又明確給社保費率做“減法”：

We will significantly reduce enterprise contributions to social insurance schemes, and we will lower the share borne by employers for urban workers’ basic aged-care insurance, and localities may cut contributions down to 16 percent.
明顯降低企業(yè)社保繳費負擔(dān)，下調(diào)城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險單位繳費比例，各地可降至16%。

The social insurance premium collection methods currently in operation will be kept unchanged. No locality should take any measure that increases the burden on small and micro enterprises when reforming their collection systems, or require, on their own, that longstanding arrears be paid off in a lump sum.
穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)行征繳方式，各地在征收體制改革過程中不得采取增加小微企業(yè)實際繳費負擔(dān)的做法，不得自行對歷史欠費進行集中清繳。

This year, we will reduce the tax burdens on and social insurance contributions of enterprises by nearly 2 trillion yuan.
全年減輕企業(yè)稅收和社保繳費負擔(dān)近2萬億元。

Reducing tax and fees is a major measure to lighten the burden on businesses and boost market dynamism.
減稅降費是減輕企業(yè)負擔(dān)、激發(fā)市場活力的重大舉措。

We will let market entities, especially small and micro businesses, feel the weight of their burden being meaningfully lightened, honoring our promise to enterprises and society, and seeing that no matter the number of difficulties, this important job gets done and gets done well.
要切實讓市場主體特別是小微企業(yè)有明顯減稅降費感受，堅決兌現(xiàn)對企業(yè)和社會的承諾，困難再多也一定要把這件大事辦成辦好。

He also said as long as market entities are energized, China can boost the internal forces driving development and withstand the downward pressure on the economy.
只要市場主體有活力，就能增強內(nèi)生發(fā)展動力、頂住經(jīng)濟下行壓力。

2. Minus government expenditure, plus people’s livelihood
政府開支的“減法”與民生保障的“加法”

在經(jīng)濟下行壓力加大、經(jīng)濟增速預(yù)期目標(biāo)下調(diào)、實施更大規(guī)模減稅降費的緊要關(guān)口，李克強明確提出，要給政府開支做“減法”。

To support the lightening of the burden on enterprises, governments at all levels must tighten their belts and find workable means of raising funds.
為支持企業(yè)減負，各級政府要過緊日子，想方設(shè)法籌集資金。

The central government needs to increase revenue and reduce expenditures. Profits turned in by designated state-owned financial institutions and enterprises directly under the central government should be increased; general expenditures should be cut by over 5 percent, spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality should be cut by another 3 percent, and all funds that have long stayed unused will be taken back.
中央財政要開源節(jié)流，增加特定國有金融機構(gòu)和央企上繳利潤，一般性支出壓減5%以上、‘三公’經(jīng)費再壓減3%左右，長期沉淀資金一律收回。

Local governments also need to dig deep, take big steps to improve the mix of spending, and put various funds and assets to good use through multiple avenues.
地方政府也要主動挖潛，大力優(yōu)化支出結(jié)構(gòu)，多渠道盤活各類資金和資產(chǎn)。

然而在民生領(lǐng)域，財政支出不僅沒有降低，反而在一些領(lǐng)域持續(xù)做“加法”。

China will develop more equitable and higher quality education. Government budgetary spending on education will remain above 4 percent of GDP, and central government spending on education will exceed one trillion yuan.
要發(fā)展更加公平更有質(zhì)量的教育，國家財政性教育經(jīng)費占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比例繼續(xù)保持在4%以上，中央財政教育支出安排超過1萬億元。

He vowed to ensure access to basic medical and health services, saying China will continue to increase basic medical insurance and serious disease insurance protection for rural and non-working urban residents. Government subsidies for resident medical insurance will be raised by an average of 30 yuan per person, half of which is to be used for serious disease insurance. And China will lower and unify the deduction line for serious disease insurance, and raise the reimbursement rate from 50 to 60 percent.
保障基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。繼續(xù)提高城鄉(xiāng)居民基本醫(yī)保和大病保險保障水平，居民醫(yī)保人均財政補助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)增加30元，一半用于大病保險。降低并統(tǒng)一大病保險起付線，報銷比例由50%提高到60%。

Although the pressure of maintaining a balanced budget will grow this year, inputs to ensure basic living standards will only be increased and not cut. We will support private sectors in boosting the supply of non-basic public services to meet people’s multilevel and diverse needs.
今年財政收支平衡壓力加大，但基本民生投入確保只增不減。支持社會力量增加非基本公共服務(wù)供給，滿足群眾多層次、多樣化需求。

We must stay true to the vision of people-centered development and do everything within our capacity to meet people’s basic needs, resolve key problems affecting living standards, promote social fairness and justice, and help our people achieve better lives.
要堅持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，盡力而為、量力而行，切實保障基本民生，推動解決重點民生問題，促進社會公平正義，讓人民過上好日子。

3. Minus government power, plus convenience for enterprises and people
政府權(quán)力的“減法”與企業(yè)群眾辦事便利的“加法”

針對上屆政府以來一直力推的“簡政放權(quán)”，今年的《政府工作報告》又做了這些“減法”。

China will cut government approvals and improve services to create a favorable environment for investment and business startups. The government will further shorten the negative list on market entry and promote across-the-board implementation of the policy of “entry unless on the list.” China will continue to pursue the cut certification to create convenience reform initiative, and see that businesses and the public are not saddled with running from pillar to post for certificates.
要以簡審批優(yōu)服務(wù)便利投資興業(yè)，進一步縮減市場準(zhǔn)入負面清單，推動“非禁即入”普遍落實。持續(xù)開展“減證便民”改革行動，不能讓繁瑣證明來回折騰企業(yè)和群眾。

China will conduct impartial regulation to promote fair competition. The government will move faster to do away with all regulations and practices that impede the functioning of a unified market and fair competition. And see that law breakers are punished in accordance with law and the law-abiding are let be.
要以公正監(jiān)管促進公平競爭。加快清理妨礙統(tǒng)一市場和公平競爭的各種規(guī)定和做法，對違法者依法嚴(yán)懲、對守法者無事不擾。

This will leave companies to spend more time doing business and less time chasing approvals, the Premier said, adding that delivering good services is what a government is meant to do; failure to do so means failing in its duties. We will use impartial regulation to ensure a fair, efficient, and dynamic market.
讓企業(yè)多用時間跑市場、少費功夫跑審批。政府部門做好服務(wù)是本分，服務(wù)不好是失職。用公正監(jiān)管管出公平、管出效率、管出活力。

政府權(quán)力的“減法”，換來的是營商環(huán)境和企業(yè)群眾辦事便利度的“加法”。

This year, all permits required of businesses will be separated from the business license to make it quicker and easier for companies to get a license and start operating as soon as possible; and China will put an end to the phenomenon of “l(fā)etting firms in but not letting them do business.”
今年，要對所有涉企經(jīng)營許可事項實行“證照分離”改革，使企業(yè)更便捷拿到營業(yè)執(zhí)照并盡快正常運營，堅決克服“準(zhǔn)入不準(zhǔn)營”的現(xiàn)象。

Reform of the system for construction project approval will be introduced nationwide, and the time of approval needed at every stage of a project will be significantly shortened. China will encourage online approvals and services, and work faster to make it possible for such services to be accessed via one website and processed remotely. If there are more matters that do require presence in person, they should be processed at a single window, within a specified time, and without the need for a second visit, the Premier said.
在全國推開工程建設(shè)項目審批制度改革，使全流程審批時間大幅縮短。推行網(wǎng)上審批和服務(wù)，加快實現(xiàn)一網(wǎng)通辦、異地可辦，使更多事項不見面辦理，確需到現(xiàn)場辦的要“一窗受理、限時辦結(jié)”“最多跑一次”。

Government at each level should have the courage to conduct self-reform, further streamline administration and delegate power, speed up the transformation of our functions and the improvement of our performance, and strengthen government credibility and capacity for execution to better meet the people’s new expectations for a better life.
各級政府要勇于自我革命，深入推進簡政放權(quán)，加快轉(zhuǎn)職能、提效能，增強政府公信力和執(zhí)行力，更好滿足人民對美好生活的新期待。

4. Minuses and pluses in more fields
多個領(lǐng)域都有“加減法”

1小時40分鐘的《政府工作報告》還在另一些政策上做了“加減法”。

This year, average broadband service rates for small and medium enterprises will be lowered by another 15 percent, and average rates for mobile internet services will be further cut by more than 20 percent, the Premier said.
今年中小企業(yè)寬帶平均資費再降低15%，移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量平均資費再降低20%以上。

Cellphone subscribers nationwide will be able to keep their numbers while switching carriers, and cellphone packages will be regulated to achieve solid fee cuts for all consumers to see, he added.
在全國實行“攜號轉(zhuǎn)網(wǎng)”，規(guī)范套餐設(shè)置?！白層脩羟袑嵏惺艿骄W(wǎng)速更快更穩(wěn)定，使降費實實在在、消費者明明白白。

We will cut the average electricity price for general industrial and commercial businesses by another 10 percent, Premier Li said, adding that the reform of the toll roads system will be advanced, by cutting tolls on highways and bridges.
一般工商業(yè)平均電價再降低10%。推動降低過路過橋費用。

We will speed up the development of a comprehensive listing system for the collection of fees and charges, making charge collecting open and transparent and leaving unauthorized charges no place to hide.
加快收費清單“一張網(wǎng)”建設(shè)?！白屖召M公開透明，讓亂收費無處藏身。”

We should fully respect and trust our scientists and researchers, and empower teams and leaders of innovation by placing more human, financial, and material resources at their disposal and giving them more power to make decisions on technology roadmaps.”
要充分尊重和信任科研人員，賦予創(chuàng)新團隊和領(lǐng)軍人才更大的人財物支配權(quán)和技術(shù)路線決策權(quán)。

We will also work hard to cut red tape to enable researchers to concentrate on the pursuit of learning, innovation, and breakthroughs, he said.
大力簡除煩苛，使科研人員潛心向?qū)W、創(chuàng)新突破。

Governments at all levels must firmly oppose and put a stop to all pointless formalities and bureaucracy in all its manifestations. We should free government employees from the mountains of documents and endless meetings, from the superfluities surrounding evaluations and inspections, and from report writing and form filling-in, and instead spend our energy on solving real problems.
各級政府要堅決反對和整治一切形式主義、官僚主義，讓干部從文山會海、迎評迎檢、材料報表中解脫出來，把精力用在解決實際問題上。

We should cut down on and overhaul matters subject to inspection, checks, and evaluations, and implement an Internet Plus Inspection initiative. The number of meetings and documents will be cut. This year, the State Council and its offices and departments will lead the way in making major reductions to the number of meetings and will cut the number of documents issued by over a third.
壓減和規(guī)范督查檢查考核事項，實施“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+督查”。減少開會和發(fā)文數(shù)量，今年國務(wù)院及其部門要帶頭大幅精簡會議、堅決把文件壓減三分之一以上。

Government works for the public; words can’t compare with actions. All levels and employees of government should be down to earth and practical and eschew doing things for show. We should let what we have achieved in reform and development speak for themselves. We should deliver a good performance in what we do.
為政以公，行勝于言。各級政府及其工作人員要求真務(wù)實、力戒浮華，以推動改革發(fā)展的成果說話，以干事創(chuàng)業(yè)的實績交卷。

來源：中國政府網(wǎng)
編輯：Helen