三、凝聚抗擊疫情的強大力量
III. Assembling a Powerful Force to Beat the Virus

面對未知病毒突然襲擊，中國堅持人民至上、生命至上，舉全國之力，快速有效調(diào)動全國資源和力量，不惜一切代價維護人民生命安全和身體健康。中國共產(chǎn)黨以人民為中心的執(zhí)政理念，中國集中力量辦大事的制度特點，改革開放40多年來特別是中共十八大以來積累的雄厚綜合國力和國家治理現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的顯著成效，中華民族同舟共濟、守望相助的文化底色，中國人民深厚的家國情懷、天下情懷，匯聚成抗擊疫情的強大合力。
Facing the sudden onslaught of a previously unknown virus, China has put the people’s interests first – nothing is more precious than people’s lives. It has rapidly mobilized the manpower and resources of the whole nation and done everything possible to protect the lives and health of its people. A powerful synergy has been formed thanks to the following factors: observing the people-centered governance philosophy of the CPC; China’s ability to mobilize resources to accomplish major initiatives; its composite national strength built up during more than four decades of reform and opening up, particularly since the 18th CPC National Congress held in November 2012; remarkable achievements in modernizing governance; two defining values of Chinese culture – solidarity and mutual assistance; and the profound love of the Chinese people for their family and their country.

（一）人的生命高于一切
1.Lives Are Precious

在新冠肺炎疫情突襲，人民生命安全和身體健康受到嚴(yán)重威脅的重大時刻，中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府始終以對人民負(fù)責(zé)、對生命負(fù)責(zé)的鮮明態(tài)度，準(zhǔn)確分析和把握形勢，既多方考量、慎之又慎，又及時出手、堅決果敢，以非常之舉應(yīng)對非常之事，全力保障人民生命權(quán)、健康權(quán)。
At a critical time when people’s lives and health were endangered, the CPC and the Chinese government acted with a keen sense of responsibility and swiftly identified the problem. The central authorities took multiple factors into consideration, made timely and resolute decisions, employed extraordinary measures to deal with an extraordinary emergency, and made every effort to safeguard people’s lives and health.

在人民生命和經(jīng)濟利益之間果斷抉擇生命至上。疫情暴發(fā)后，以寧可一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)濟下滑甚至短期“停擺”，也要對人民生命安全和身體健康負(fù)責(zé)的巨大勇氣，對湖北省和武漢市果斷采取史無前例的全面嚴(yán)格管控措施。同時，在全國范圍內(nèi)嚴(yán)控人員流動，延長春節(jié)假期，停止人員聚集性活動，決定全國企業(yè)和學(xué)校延期開工開學(xué)，迅速遏制疫情的傳播蔓延，避免更多人受到感染。英國《柳葉刀》社論認(rèn)為，“中國的成功也伴隨著巨大的社會和經(jīng)濟代價，中國必須做出艱難的決定，從而在國民健康與經(jīng)濟保護之間獲得最佳平衡”。（注3）在疫情防控的關(guān)鍵階段，準(zhǔn)確把握疫情形勢變化，作出統(tǒng)籌推進疫情防控和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的重大決策，有序恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)生活秩序，推動落實分區(qū)分級精準(zhǔn)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)，最大限度保障民生和人民正常生產(chǎn)生活。隨著本土疫情防控取得重大戰(zhàn)略成果，及時采取“外防輸入、內(nèi)防反彈”的防控策略，堅決防止來之不易的持續(xù)向好形勢發(fā)生逆轉(zhuǎn)，堅決防止人民生命安全再次面臨病毒威脅。
Placing people’s lives above economic growth.When the novel coronavirus struck, China decided that it would protect the lives and health of its people even at the cost of a short-term economic downturn and even a temporary shutdown. The government took strict and comprehensive control measures, never tried before, in the city of Wuhan and Hubei Province. To stem the spread of the virus, the movement of people across the country was tightly restricted, the Chinese New Year holiday was extended, gatherings were stopped, and the spring semester and business operations were postponed. In an editorial, The Lancet stated: “China’s success has come with huge social and economic costs, and China must make difficult decisions to achieve an optimal balance between health and economic protection.”At the critical juncture of the fight against the virus, based on a precise understanding of the evolving situation, China took the major decision to continue Covid-19 prevention and control while resuming economic and social development. While restarting normal work in an orderly manner, it took targeted measures in different regions based on local conditions, so as to ensure people’s daily life and wellbeing to the greatest possible extent. Having succeeded in containing the spread of the virus on the mainland, the Chinese government adopted a strategy of preventing inbound infections and domestic resurgence, to ensure its hard-won progress would not be lost.

不惜一切代價搶救生命。疫情初期，病毒感染者急劇增多，中國把提高治愈率、降低病亡率作為首要任務(wù)，快速充實醫(yī)療救治力量，把優(yōu)質(zhì)資源集中到救治一線。采取積極、科學(xué)、靈活的救治策略，慎終如始、全力以赴救治每一位患者，從出生僅30個小時的嬰兒至100多歲的老人，不計代價搶救每一位患者的生命。為了搶救病患，醫(yī)務(wù)人員冒著被感染的風(fēng)險采集病毒樣本，沒有人畏難退縮。為滿足重癥患者救治需要，想盡一切辦法籌措人工膜肺（ECMO）設(shè)備，能買盡買，能調(diào)盡調(diào)。武漢市重癥定點醫(yī)院累計收治重癥病例9600多例，轉(zhuǎn)歸為治愈的占比從14%提高到89%，超過一般病毒性肺炎救治平均水平。對伴有基礎(chǔ)性疾病的老年患者，一人一案、精準(zhǔn)施策，只要有一絲希望絕不輕易放棄，只要有搶救需要，人員、藥品、設(shè)備、經(jīng)費全力保障。疫情發(fā)生以來，湖北省成功治愈3000余位80歲以上、7位百歲以上新冠肺炎患者，多位重癥老年患者是從死亡線上搶救回來的。一位70歲老人身患新冠肺炎，10多名醫(yī)護人員精心救護幾十天，終于挽回了老人生命，治療費用近150萬元全部由國家承擔(dān)。
Saving lives at all costs.In the early stage of the epidemic, as the cases of infection soared, China made raising the cure rate and lowering the fatality rate its top priority. The best doctors and nurses were rapidly dispatched to the front line of the fight against the virus. Employing proactive, science-based, and flexible ways of treatment, they did everything possible to treat each and every patient, from an infant only 30 hours old to a centenarian. The goal was to save every single patient whatever the cost.Medical workers braved the threat of infection to collect virus specimens. No one flinched, however daunting their task. To treat seriously ill patients, local governments and hospitals tried every means to acquire and reallocate ECMO equipment. Since the virus struck, hospitals in Wuhan designated for treating severe cases have treated more than 9,600 such cases. The recovery rate has risen from 14 percent to 89 percent, higher than the average rate for normal viral pneumonia. Tailored treatment was given to elderly patients with underlying medical conditions. As long as there was the slightest hope, doctors would never give up, and the need for personnel, medicines, equipment, or funds was met. To date, more than 3,000 patients over the age of 80, including 7 centenarians, have been cured, with many of them brought back to life from the verge of death. For example, a 70-year-old patient was saved thanks to intensive treatment and care by more than 10 medical workers over a period of several weeks. The cost of his treatment, nearly RMB1.5 million, was fully covered by the government.

關(guān)心關(guān)愛海外中國公民。國家時刻掛念海外中國公民的安危，敦促、支持有關(guān)國家政府采取有效措施保障當(dāng)?shù)厝A僑、留學(xué)生、中資機構(gòu)人員等安全。派出醫(yī)療專家組、工作組，開設(shè)遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療服務(wù)平臺，為海外中國公民提供科學(xué)專業(yè)的疫情防控指導(dǎo)。協(xié)調(diào)外方全力救治在國外確診感染的中國公民，充分調(diào)動國內(nèi)專家、援外醫(yī)療隊等資源，積極支持配合外方開展救治。駐外使領(lǐng)館盡力履行領(lǐng)事保護職能，通過各種渠道宣介疫情防護知識，向留學(xué)生發(fā)放100多萬份“健康包”。協(xié)助在海外確有困難的中國公民有序回國。
Care and compassion for Chinese citizens overseas.China takes the safety of its citizens abroad very seriously. It has urged the governments of other countries to take effective measures to ensure the safety of Chinese students, the personnel of Chinese-funded institutions, and other Chinese nationals in their countries, and has supported them in doing so. Medical expert teams and work groups have been dispatched overseas and telemedicine service platforms set up, which provide scientific and professional guidance on Covid-19 prevention and control for Chinese citizens in other countries. Chinese medical teams have worked with host countries to ensure the best possible treatment for Chinese citizens diagnosed with infection. China has fully mobilized experts at home, medical teams on foreign aid missions, and other resources to assist foreign countries to provide treatment to these patients.Performing their consular protection duties, Chinese embassies and consulates abroad have disseminated information on Covid-19 prevention and self-protection through all channels, and have provided more than 1 million “health kits” to overseas Chinese students. They have also helped overseas Chinese citizens in difficulty to return home.

以國之名悼念逝者。4月4日清明節(jié)，中國舉行全國性哀悼活動，深切悼念抗擊疫情斗爭犧牲烈士和逝世同胞，為沒有等來春天的生命默哀，向所有用生命守護生命的英雄致敬。從最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人到普通民眾，14億中國人民以最深的懷念為犧牲烈士和逝世同胞送行。中國以國家之名和最高儀式祭奠逝者，是國家對人民個體尊嚴(yán)與生命的尊重與敬畏，是14億中國人民集體情感背后的團結(jié)和力量。
National tribute to the deceased.On April 4, the Chinese traditional Tomb-sweeping Day, China paid tribute to all those who had given their lives in the fight against Covid-19, and those who had died of the disease. People throughout the country observed a silence to mourn the loss of lives and pay tribute to heroes who had protected others’ lives at the cost of their own. From the top leader to ordinary people, 1.4 billion Chinese bade farewell to their dear departed. This solemn national ceremony demonstrates that the country respects and holds in awe the dignity and lives of people as individuals. It signifies the solidarity and strength of 1.4 billion Chinese.

（二）舉全國之力抗擊疫情
2.Mobilizing the Whole Country to Fight the Epidemic

一方有難，八方支援。疫情發(fā)生后，全國上下緊急行動，依托強大綜合國力，開展全方位的人力組織戰(zhàn)、物資保障戰(zhàn)、科技突擊戰(zhàn)、資源運動戰(zhàn)，全力支援湖北省和武漢市抗擊疫情，在最短時間集中最大力量阻斷疫情傳播?！爸蟹叫袆铀俣戎?、規(guī)模之大，世所罕見，展現(xiàn)出中國速度、中國規(guī)模、中國效率”。（注4）
When a disaster strikes in one location, help comes from all quarters. After the outbreak, the entire country acted promptly. Relying on its overall national strength, China mobilized the people, enhanced R&D, procured supplies, and brought them to those in need rapidly. It mustered the support of the whole country to assist Hubei, and particularly Wuhan, to combat the disease. It pooled all its strength in the shortest period of time, and halted the spread of the epidemic. Hailing the speed and scale of China’s response, WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus described it as unprecedented, and said it showed the efficiency and the strength of China’s system.

開展新中國成立以來規(guī)模最大的醫(yī)療支援行動。調(diào)動全國醫(yī)療資源和力量，全力支持湖北省和武漢市醫(yī)療救治。自1月24日除夕至3月8日，全國共調(diào)集346支國家醫(yī)療隊、4.26萬名醫(yī)務(wù)人員、900多名公共衛(wèi)生人員馳援湖北。19個省份以對口支援、以省包市的方式支援湖北省除武漢市以外16個地市，各省在發(fā)生疫情、防控救治任務(wù)十分繁重的情況下，集中優(yōu)質(zhì)醫(yī)療資源支援湖北省和武漢市。人民解放軍派出4000多名醫(yī)務(wù)人員支援湖北，承擔(dān)火神山醫(yī)院等3家醫(yī)療機構(gòu)的醫(yī)療救治任務(wù)，空軍出動運輸機緊急運送醫(yī)療物資。各醫(yī)療隊從接受指令到組建2小時內(nèi)完成，24小時內(nèi)抵達，并自帶7天防護物資，抵達后迅速開展救治。在全國緊急調(diào)配全自動測溫儀、負(fù)壓救護車、呼吸機、心電監(jiān)護儀等重點醫(yī)療物資支援湖北省和武漢市（表1）。從全國調(diào)集4萬名建設(shè)者和幾千臺機械設(shè)備，僅用10天建成有1000張病床的火神山醫(yī)院，僅用12天建成有1600張病床的雷神山醫(yī)院。短短10多天建成16座方艙醫(yī)院，共有1.4萬余張床位。加強臨床血液供應(yīng)，10個省份無償支援湖北省紅細(xì)胞4.5萬單位，血小板1762個治療量，新鮮冰凍血漿137萬毫升（不含恢復(fù)期血漿）。大規(guī)模、強有力的醫(yī)療支援行動，有力保障了湖北省和武漢市救治，極大緩解了重災(zāi)區(qū)醫(yī)療資源嚴(yán)重不足的壓力。
Launching the largest medical assistance operation since the founding of the PRC.China mobilized all its medical resources to support the efforts in Wuhan and other locations in Hubei. From January 24, Chinese New Year’s Eve, to March 8, it rallied 346 national medical teams, consisting of 42,600 medical workers and more than 900 public health professionals to the immediate aid of Hubei and the city of Wuhan. Nineteen provinces and equivalent administrative units assisted 16 other cities in Hubei in the form of paired assistance. While burdened with the heavy responsibility of coronavirus prevention and control and treatment of patients in their home cities, they still pooled together quality medical resources to assist Hubei and Wuhan.The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) dispatched over 4,000 medical personnel to Hubei to work in epidemic control. They took on medical work in three designated medical institutions, including Huoshenshan Hospital in Wuhan. The PLA Air Force dispatched aircraft to transport emergency medical supplies. Medical teams were formed within two hours of receiving the order, and they arrived at their destinations within 24 hours, carrying a seven-day stock of protective materials. On arrival, they started to treat patients right away.The government urgently solicited automatic temperature measuring equipment, negative pressure ambulances, ventilators, electrocardiogram monitors, and other key medical supplies from across the country for Wuhan and other locations in Hubei (see Table 1). It mobilized 40,000 construction workers and several thousand sets of machinery and equipment to build two hospitals. The construction of the 1,000-bed Huoshenshan Hospital was completed in just 10 days, and that of the 1,600-bed Leishenshan Hospital in just 12 days. In 10 short days, 16 temporary treatment centers providing over 14,000 beds were built. To increase blood supply for clinical use in surgery, 10 provinces donated to Hubei 45,000 units of red blood cells, 1,762 therapeutic doses of platelets, and 1,370 liters of fresh frozen plasma (not including convalescent plasma). These massive and powerful medical assistance actions have guaranteed Covid-19 treatment in Hubei and Wuhan, greatly relieving the pressure on the hardest-hit areas caused by severe shortages of medical resources.

大力加強醫(yī)療物資生產(chǎn)供應(yīng)和醫(yī)療支持服務(wù)。疫情防控阻擊戰(zhàn)，也是后勤保障戰(zhàn)。疫情初期，武漢市醫(yī)療防護物資極度短缺，為了節(jié)省防護用品、爭分奪秒搶救病患，一線醫(yī)護人員克服困難，最大限度地延長防護用品使用時間。為盡快解決醫(yī)療資源短缺和病患急劇增多的突出矛盾，中國充分發(fā)揮制造業(yè)門類全、韌性強和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈完整配套的優(yōu)勢，克服春節(jié)假期停工減產(chǎn)等不利因素，開足馬力，深挖潛力，全力保障上下游原料供應(yīng)和物流運輸，保證疫情防控物資的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)與配送。醫(yī)療企業(yè)克服工人返崗不足等困難，以最快速度恢復(fù)醫(yī)療用品生產(chǎn)，最大限度擴大產(chǎn)能。其他行業(yè)企業(yè)迅速調(diào)整轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)，生產(chǎn)口罩、防護服、消毒液、測溫儀等防疫物資，有效擴大了疫情防控物資的生產(chǎn)供應(yīng)?？焖賳臃揽蒯t(yī)療物資應(yīng)急審批程序，全面加強質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管，確保以最快的速度批準(zhǔn)上市、促產(chǎn)保供，截至5月31日，共應(yīng)急批準(zhǔn)17個藥物和疫苗的19件臨床試驗申請，附條件批準(zhǔn)2個疫情防控用藥上市。在各方共同努力下，醫(yī)用物資產(chǎn)能不斷提升，醫(yī)用物資保供實現(xiàn)從“緊缺”到“緊平衡”“動態(tài)平衡”“動態(tài)足額供應(yīng)”的跨越式提升（表2）。2月初，醫(yī)用非N95口罩、醫(yī)用N95口罩日產(chǎn)量分別為586萬只、13萬只，到4月底分別超過2億只、500萬只。暢通供應(yīng)鏈條和物流渠道，建立聯(lián)保聯(lián)供協(xié)作機制，源源不斷地把全國支援物資運送到疫情防控重點地區(qū)。
Increasing the production and supply of medical supplies and medical support services.Victory in the battle against Covid-19 depends on logistical support. In view of the extreme scarcity of medical protective materials in Wuhan during the early stage of the epidemic, medical workers on the front line overcame difficulties and used every item for the longest possible time, so as to conserve them in the race to save lives. To address the shortfall in medical resources while patient numbers surged, China exploited the full strength of its comprehensive and resilient manufacturing sector and its complete industrial chain.To overcome the unfavorable combination of a pause in work and the resultant decline in manufacturing output during the Chinese New Year holiday, the Chinese government mobilized factories across the country to operate at full capacity and tap into their full potential. With all its strength, it supported raw materials supplies and transport facilities throughout the industrial chain, so as to ensure large-scale production and distribution of materials for epidemic prevention and control. Medical manufacturers overcame such difficulties as labor shortages caused by workers not having returned to their posts. They resumed production as quickly as possible, and expanded capacity to the maximum.Enterprises in other industries made rapid adjustments to their manufacturing facilities and turned to producing masks, protective suits, disinfectants, temperature measuring devices, and other products for the fight against the epidemic, thereby effectively expanding the overall output of such materials and equipment. The Chinese government quickly started procedures to review applications for producing medical supplies in times of emergency, and imposed stricter quality and safety supervision across the board, so as to facilitate production, ensure the quickest approval for sale, and guarantee supplies.As of May 31, relevant authorities had approved 19 applications for clinical trials of 17 medicines and vaccines for coronavirus prevention and control, and conditionally approved the applications for sale of two medicines. Thanks to the joint efforts of many parties, manufacturing capacity for medical supplies increased steadily, and efforts to ensure the supply of medical materials and equipment achieved rapid progress: from acute shortage to borderline sufficiency, then from demand-supply balance to timely and sufficient supplies (see Table 2). The daily output of medical N95 masks and medical non-N95 masks increased from 130,000 and 5.86 million in early February to over 5 million and 200 million by the end of April. These efforts opened up unimpeded supply chains and logistics channels, gave birth to a coordination mechanism ensuring material supply, and allowed continuous transport of materials from across the country to the hardest-hit areas.

統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)生活物資保障。離漢通道關(guān)閉后，武漢市近千萬人居家隔離，每天需要消耗大量的糧食、蔬菜、肉蛋奶。加強聯(lián)動協(xié)調(diào)，建立央地協(xié)同、政企聯(lián)動的9省聯(lián)保聯(lián)供協(xié)作和500家應(yīng)急保供企業(yè)調(diào)運機制，加大糧油供應(yīng)力度，投放中央凍豬肉儲備，提升蔬菜大省產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)能力，組織緊急物資運輸隊伍，全力保障湖北省特別是武漢市居民生活必需品的生產(chǎn)、庫存、供應(yīng)和價格穩(wěn)定。1月27日至3月19日，全國通過鐵路、公路、水運、民航、郵政快遞等運輸方式向湖北地區(qū)運送防疫物資和生活物資92.88萬噸，運送電煤、燃油等生產(chǎn)物資148.7萬噸，煤、電、油、氣、熱等能源供應(yīng)充足，保障了湖北省、武漢市社會正常運轉(zhuǎn)和隔離措施順利實施。武漢市將生活物資配送納入社區(qū)服務(wù)，打通生活物資配送從商場、超市到小區(qū)的最后環(huán)節(jié)，通過無接觸配送方式將經(jīng)過檢疫、符合防疫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的蔬菜直送社區(qū)，保障了隔離期間居民生活需要和防疫安全。
Coordinating and ensuring the supply of daily necessities.Once outbound traffic from Wuhan had been halted, nearly 10 million people were under home isolation in the city, requiring a huge amount of grain, vegetables, meat, eggs, and milk every day. A coordination mechanism was established to ensure supply of such products, which involved nine provinces, and 500 enterprises for prioritizing the shipment of supplies in times of emergency. The mechanism involved coordination between central and local governments, and joint actions by government and enterprises. It boosted the supply of grain and cooking oil, released central government reserves of frozen pork, and raised the supply capacity of provinces which are major vegetable bases. Transport teams were organized for emergency supplies, and forceful measures were taken to ensure the production, stocks, supply, and price stability of daily necessities for residents in Hubei, and particularly in Wuhan.From January 27 to March 19, 928,800 tonnes of epidemic prevention and control materials and daily necessities were transported from across the country to Hubei via railway, highway, waterway, civil aviation, and express postal services. Bulk goods such as thermal coal and fuel totaling 1.49 million tonnes were also shipped. Sufficient supplies of coal, electricity, fuel, gas, and heat ensured the normal functioning of society and the smooth implementation of quarantine measures in Hubei and particularly in Wuhan. In Wuhan, delivery of daily necessities was included in community services, thus the last link of daily distribution – from supermarkets to communities – was assured. Through contactless delivery, vegetables that had gone through quarantine and met the standards were delivered directly to communities, meeting residents’ needs and ensuring safety in terms of epidemic prevention.

社會力量廣泛參與。工會、共青團、婦聯(lián)等人民團體和群眾組織，組織動員所聯(lián)系群眾積極投身疫情防控。城鄉(xiāng)居民、企業(yè)、社會組織等紛紛捐款捐物、獻出愛心。各級慈善組織、紅十字會加強捐贈資金和物資的調(diào)配和撥付，將捐贈款物重點投向湖北省和武漢市等疫情嚴(yán)重地區(qū)。截至5月31日，累計接受社會捐贈資金約389.3億元、物資約9.9億件，累計撥付捐款資金約328.3億元、物資約9.4億件。
Public participation in virus control.Trade unions, Communist Youth League organizations, women’s federations, and other mass organizations organized and mobilized their contacts among the general public to get involved in Covid-19 prevention and control. Urban and rural residents, enterprises, and social organizations donated money and materials. Charities and the Red Cross Society of China improved the allocation of donated funds and materials, with a focus on Wuhan and other severely affected areas inside Hubei Province and elsewhere. As of May 31, they had received donations totaling about RMB38.93 billion and 990 million items of different materials. Of these, RMB32.83 billion and 940 million items had been disbursed.

疫情發(fā)生后，港澳臺同胞和海外僑胞通過各種方式和渠道伸出援手，積極捐款和捐贈各類防疫物資，體現(xiàn)了濃濃的同胞親情，體現(xiàn)了海內(nèi)外中華兒女守望相助、共克時艱的凝聚力向心力。
Since the onset of the epidemic, fellow countrymen and women in Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese have given a helping hand through various means and channels. They have actively donated money and materials for epidemic prevention and control. This shows how much we Chinese at home and abroad are committed to each other and demonstrates the unity and cohesion of the Chinese nation in times of difficulty.

（三）平衡疫情防控與經(jīng)濟社會民生
3.Coordinating Prevention and Control with Social and Economic Development

在毫不放松加強疫情防控的同時，穩(wěn)妥有序放開經(jīng)濟和社會活動，做好“六穩(wěn)”工作，落實“六?！比蝿?wù)，形成同疫情防控相適應(yīng)的經(jīng)濟社會運行秩序，努力將疫情對經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的沖擊和影響降到最低，為抗擊疫情提供有力的物資保障和社會保障。
Without compromising Covid-19 control, China has steadily resumed social and economic activities in an orderly way, so as to stabilize the six fronts (employment, finance, foreign trade, inbound investment, domestic investment, and market expectations), and guarantee the six priorities (jobs, daily living needs, food and energy, industrial and supply chains, the interests of market players, and the smooth functioning of grassroots government).It has fostered a social and economic order under the conditions imposed by Covid-19 control and striven to minimize their impact on social and economic development, thus providing a strong material and social buttress for the fight against the epidemic.

保持社會穩(wěn)定、有序運轉(zhuǎn)。著力加強社會安全穩(wěn)定工作，加強社會治安管理，強化防疫物資質(zhì)量和價格監(jiān)管，維護市場秩序和社會穩(wěn)定。及時出臺受疫情影響困難群眾兜底保障政策，有效保障基本生活。將心理危機干預(yù)納入疫情防控，妥善處理疫情防控中思想和心理問題，加強思想引導(dǎo)和心理疏導(dǎo)，培育理性平和、積極健康的心態(tài)，及時預(yù)防化解涉疫矛盾糾紛。疫情大考下，在交通管制、全民居家隔離等嚴(yán)格管控措施的情況下，不論是城市還是農(nóng)村，水、電、燃?xì)?、通信不停，生活物資供應(yīng)不斷，社會秩序不亂，食品、藥品、能源、基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)品、基本公共服務(wù)等關(guān)系國計民生的重點行業(yè)有序運轉(zhuǎn)，14億人民的基本民生得到有效保障，經(jīng)濟社會大局保持了穩(wěn)定有序。
Maintaining social order and stability.China has made every effort to ensure social order and stability, market order, public security, and supervision over the quality and pricing of epidemic-control supplies. It has adopted timely policies to ensure the basic livelihood of people in difficulties caused by Covid-19. Psychological counseling is provided to ease distress, nurture a healthy mindset, prevent and resolve potential problems, and defuse local disputes.Despite strict measures such as traffic control and home-based quarantine, the economy and society have remained resilient. The supply of water, electricity, natural gas and telecommunication services continues, as does the supply of daily necessities in urban and rural areas. Key sectors providing food, pharmaceuticals, energy, basic industrial products, and public services that are essential to social stability and people’s wellbeing are in normal operation, meeting the basic needs of 1.4 billion people.

有序推動復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。密集制定出臺多項政策，為企業(yè)特別是中小企業(yè)和個體工商戶減負(fù)紓困，實施減費降稅，增加財政補貼，加大金融支持，減負(fù)穩(wěn)崗擴就業(yè)，優(yōu)化政府服務(wù)。各地方及時制定實施細(xì)則，將疫情防控、公共事業(yè)運行、群眾生活必需等領(lǐng)域的1萬多家企業(yè)列為重點，通過租用專車、專列、包機等方式“點對點”“一站式”幫助農(nóng)民工返崗，并從個人防護物資、人流、物流等方面為企業(yè)復(fù)工提供全方位服務(wù)。針對公共交通運輸、餐飲、住宿、旅游、體育、娛樂等受疫情影響較大的行業(yè)，采取免征增值稅等稅收優(yōu)惠政策。階段性減免企業(yè)社保費，緩繳住房公積金，免收公路通行費，降低企業(yè)用電用氣價格，減輕小微企業(yè)和個體工商戶房租負(fù)擔(dān)。對中小微企業(yè)貸款實施臨時性延期還本付息、新增優(yōu)惠利率貸款。支持大學(xué)生、農(nóng)民工等重點群體創(chuàng)業(yè)就業(yè)，擴大中小微企業(yè)穩(wěn)崗返還政策受益面，發(fā)力穩(wěn)就業(yè)，促進中小企業(yè)發(fā)展。用好用足出口退稅、出口信用保險政策，擴大出口信貸投放，開拓多元化市場，加快壓減外資準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單，持續(xù)擴大外資市場準(zhǔn)入，為企業(yè)“補血”“減負(fù)”“拓空間”。國有企業(yè)發(fā)揮主力軍作用，帶動上下游產(chǎn)業(yè)和中小企業(yè)全面復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。截至4月底，全國規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)復(fù)工率超過99%，中小微企業(yè)復(fù)工率達到88.4%，重大項目復(fù)工率超過95%；湖北全省規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)復(fù)工率、員工到崗率分別達到98.2%、92.1%，整體接近全國平均水平。一批國家重點科技專項、超級民生工程、重大標(biāo)志性外資項目重現(xiàn)往日繁忙景象。中國經(jīng)濟運行加快回歸常態(tài)，經(jīng)濟活力正在快速釋放。
Orderly resumption of work.The central government has quickly adopted a host of policies to reduce the burdens of businesses, particularly small and medium enterprises and self-employed people. These include measures such as reducing fees and lowering taxes, increasing government subsidies, strengthening financial support, stabilizing and expanding employment, and improving government services.Local governments have issued detailed rules to implement these policies, especially to help the 10,000 plus key enterprises essential to Covid-19 control, public services, and daily necessities. Comprehensive services are being provided to help enterprises to resume operation, including providing personal protective gear and facilitating the flow of labor and materials. Point-to-point buses, trains and planes were chartered to send migrant workers back to their work posts. Preferential tax treatments such as exemption from value-added tax are available to businesses in transport, catering, hospitality, tourism, sport, entertainment and other sectors hit hard by the epidemic. Businesses also enjoy a temporary reduction in or exemption from social security contributions, a waiver of highway tolls, and reduced electricity and gas prices, and they are allowed to postpone their housing provident fund payments. Rent is being reduced for small and micro enterprises and the self-employed. The principal and interest repayment periods on loans to micro, small and medium enterprises are being extended, and more concessional loans are being provided.Key groups such as college graduates and migrant workers are receiving support in finding jobs or starting businesses. Subsidies given to micro, small and medium enterprises to reduce layoffs are being extended to more businesses so as to stabilize employment and help them survive.Policies on export tax rebates and export credit insurance are being put to good use, export credits expanded and new export markets explored. The negative list of market access for foreign investment has been cut to attract foreign investment. All these efforts will cut burdens on enterprises and stimulate their growth.State-owned enterprises have taken the lead in resuming operations, providing impetus for upstream and downstream industries, including small and medium enterprises. By the end of April, 99 percent of companies of designated size – with a revenue of more than RMB20 million per annum – had resumed operations, as had 88.4 percent of micro, small and medium enterprises. Construction of over 95 percent of major projects across the country had resumed. In Hubei Province, more than 98.2 percent of enterprises of designated size had resumed operations, and 92.1 percent of their employees had returned to their jobs, and both these figures were close to the national average. Now, work on some key national science and technology projects, major national projects related to people’s daily lives, and landmark foreign-funded projects has resumed. The Chinese economy is accelerating its return to normal operation, and it is becoming increasingly robust.

公眾生活逐步恢復(fù)。隨著疫情防控形勢積極向好，公眾日常生活逐步恢復(fù)。公共交通全面恢復(fù)運行，餐飲門店有序開放堂食?！拔逡弧奔倨谥匦戮`放活力，全國鐵路、道路、水路、民航累計發(fā)送旅客1.21億人次，全國累計接待國內(nèi)游客1.15億人次，實現(xiàn)國內(nèi)旅游收入475.6億元，經(jīng)受住了疫情和假期的雙重考驗。在落實防控措施前提下，全面開放商場、超市、賓館、餐館等生活場所。全國分批分次復(fù)學(xué)復(fù)課，截至5月31日，各?。ㄗ灾螀^(qū)、直轄市）和新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團中小學(xué)部分學(xué)段均已開學(xué)，共有1.63億學(xué)生（含幼兒園）返校。中國社會正在恢復(fù)往常熱鬧景象，人氣日益回暖，消費逐步復(fù)蘇。
Gradual return to normal life.With steady progress made in Covid-19 control, public life is gradually returning to normal. Public transport services have fully resumed. More restaurants are reopening to the public. The May Day holiday in China saw a bustle of activity. During the five-day holiday, 121 million trips were made via railways, highways, waterways and air; and 115 million visits were paid to domestic tourist attractions, generating revenue of RMB47.56 billion.Services such as shops, supermarkets, hotels, and restaurants have reopened their doors under Covid-19 control conditions. Students across the country have resumed their studies, and some have now returned to school. As of May 31, 163 million students and children in some grades of kindergarten, elementary and secondary schools across the country had returned to school or kindergarten. Public life is returning to normal in China, with people resuming their daily routines and consumption gradually picking up.

（四）14億中國人民堅韌奉獻守望相助
4.Uniting as One – China’s Billion People

國家興亡，匹夫有責(zé)。14億中國人民，不分男女老幼，不論崗位分工，都自覺投入抗擊疫情的人民戰(zhàn)爭，堅韌團結(jié)、和衷共濟，凝聚起抗擊疫情的磅礴力量。14億中國人民都是抗擊疫情的偉大戰(zhàn)士。
All citizens share a responsibility for the fate of their country. The 1.4 billion Chinese people, irrespective of their gender, age, and occupation, have plunged themselves into the battle against the epidemic. Resilient and united, they represent a formidable force.

醫(yī)務(wù)工作者白衣執(zhí)甲、逆行出征。從年逾古稀的院士專家，到90后、00后的年輕醫(yī)護人員，面對疫情義無反顧、堅定前行。54萬名湖北省和武漢市醫(yī)務(wù)人員沖鋒在前，4萬多名軍地醫(yī)務(wù)人員第一時間馳援湖北省和武漢市，數(shù)百萬名醫(yī)務(wù)人員戰(zhàn)斗在全國抗疫一線。他們以對人民的赤誠和對生命的敬佑，爭分奪秒、舍生忘死、連續(xù)作戰(zhàn)，挽救了一個又一個垂危生命，用血肉之軀構(gòu)筑起阻擊病毒的鋼鐵長城，為病毒肆虐的漫漫黑夜帶來了光明，守護了國家和民族生生不息的希望。他們與病毒直面戰(zhàn)斗，承受難以想象的身體和心理壓力，付出巨大犧牲，2000多人確診感染，幾十人以身殉職。沒有人生而英勇，只是選擇了無畏。中國醫(yī)生的醫(yī)者仁心和大愛無疆，永遠(yuǎn)銘刻在中華民族歷史上，永遠(yuǎn)銘刻在中國人民心中。
Medical workers rose to the challenge.Medical workers, from the very young to the very old, showed no hesitation in confronting the epidemic. At the outset, some 540,000 medical workers from Wuhan and other parts of Hubei plunged into the fray, joined soon by more than 40,000 civilian and military medical workers who rushed from other parts of the country. Millions of medical workers grappled with the epidemic at the front line across the country. Showing professional devotion and a deep respect for life, many of them risked their own lives, racing against time and working round the clock to try to save every patient. They built a Great Wall against the virus, bringing light and hope to the nation at a dark time. They endured tremendous fatigue and stress, and paid a heavy price. More than 2,000 medical workers were infected, and scores died in the line of duty. No one is born a hero, yet their selflessness made them fearless. These people, with the nobility, kindness, and devotion that are intrinsic to their profession, have etched an unforgettable chapter in the history of the Chinese nation and in the hearts of the Chinese people.

武漢人民和湖北人民顧全大局、頑強不屈，為阻擊病毒作出巨大犧牲。武漢人民、湖北人民面對離漢離鄂通道關(guān)閉后與外隔絕、交通停滯、城市“停擺”，克服了近距離接觸病毒、醫(yī)療資源和生活物資緊張以及長時間隔離帶來的困難，忍住失去至愛親朋的痛苦，服從大局，咬緊牙關(guān)，團結(jié)堅守。在偉大的抗疫戰(zhàn)爭中，英雄的武漢人民、湖北人民將載入史冊為人們所銘記。
People in Wuhan and other parts of Hubei fought with resolve against the novel coronavirus and made sacrifices to contain its spread.The people of Wuhan and Hubei were confronted with many challenges. All channels of exit from the city and the province were temporarily closed, intra-city public transport was suspended, and the capital city came to a standstill. The high risk of infection, tight supply of medical and daily necessities, and extended period of isolation were compounded by the trauma of bereavement for those who lost friends or family members to the virus. However, with grit in their hearts and the wider interests of others in their minds, they united to stop the transmission of the virus. In this great war, their heroism will be remembered and will go down in history.

社區(qū)工作者、公安民警、海關(guān)關(guān)員、基層干部、下沉干部不辭辛苦、日夜值守，為保護人民生命安全犧牲奉獻。400萬名社區(qū)工作者奮戰(zhàn)在全國65萬個城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)中，監(jiān)測疫情、測量體溫、排查人員、站崗值守、宣傳政策、防疫消殺，認(rèn)真細(xì)致，盡職盡責(zé)，守好疫情防控“第一關(guān)口”。公安民警及輔警駐守醫(yī)院、轉(zhuǎn)運病人、街道巡邏、維護秩序，面對急難險重任務(wù)勇挑重?fù)?dān)，130多人犧牲在工作崗位。海關(guān)關(guān)員依法履行衛(wèi)生檢疫職責(zé)，筑牢口岸檢疫防線。社區(qū)防控一線廣大黨員、干部及時將黨和政府的聲音傳導(dǎo)到基層，組織動員群眾做好防控，積極為群眾排憂解難，抓實抓細(xì)網(wǎng)格服務(wù)管理。
Community workers, primary and community-level officials, officials sent to work in communities, police, and customs officers worked day and night to protect lives and public safety.Some 4 million community workers are working in around 650,000 urban and rural communities, monitoring the situation, taking body temperatures, screening for infection, disseminating government policies, and sanitizing neighborhoods. Dedicated and responsible, they have meticulously protected their communities from the virus. CPC members working in communities quickly communicated the policies of the Party and the government, mobilized residents to engage in epidemic prevention and control, and actively helped them solve their daily difficulties. They divided communities into sub-units called grids to improve services and management.Police and auxiliary police officers handled emergent, dangerous, difficult, and burdensome tasks such as guarding hospitals, transporting patients, and patrolling the streets to maintain order. More than 130 have died in the line of duty.Customs officers have applied the law and carried out quarantine and other health-related duties, preventing the virus from entering the country.

快遞小哥、環(huán)衛(wèi)工人、道路運輸從業(yè)人員、新聞工作者、志愿者等各行各業(yè)工作者不懼風(fēng)雨、敬業(yè)堅守。疫情期間，千家萬戶關(guān)門閉戶，數(shù)百萬快遞員頂風(fēng)冒雪、冒疫前行，在城市鄉(xiāng)村奔波，給人們送來溫暖。全國180萬環(huán)衛(wèi)工人起早貪黑、不辭辛勞，高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做好衛(wèi)生清掃、消毒殺菌、醫(yī)療廢物集中處理、垃圾清理清運。數(shù)千萬道路運輸從業(yè)人員堅守崗位，許多城市出租車司機沒有停工，有力保障疫情防控、生產(chǎn)生活物資運輸和復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。新聞工作者不懼風(fēng)險、深入一線，記錄中國抗疫的點點滴滴，傳遞中國人民抗擊疫情的溫情和力量。許多普通人投入一線志愿服務(wù)，社區(qū)值守、排查患者、清潔消殺、買藥送菜，緩解居民燃眉之急。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計，截至5月31日，全國參與疫情防控的注冊志愿者達到881萬人，志愿服務(wù)項目超過46萬個，記錄志愿服務(wù)時間超過2.9億小時。
Couriers, sanitation workers, transport employees, media workers, volunteers, and many people from other sectors of society also devoted themselves to the fight against the epidemic.When things were at their most serious, while people kept their doors closed, millions of couriers braved the virus and the cold, delivering warmth and comfort to people in cities and rural areas.China’s 1.8 million sanitation workers worked from dawn to dusk to clean and disinfect public spaces, and collect and transport medical and other wastes to centralized treatment facilities.Tens of millions of transport employees, including taxi drivers in many cities, remained at their posts, providing a vital support to epidemic prevention and control, carrying supplies for work and daily life, and helping to get the country back to work.Some media workers also worked at the front line, recording the battle against the epidemic, spreading warmth, and evoking strength.Many ordinary people volunteered at the front line, standing guard in communities, screening for infection, carrying out cleaning and disinfection work, and buying medicines and delivering groceries for other residents’ pressing needs. Preliminary statistics show that as of May 31, 8.81 million registered volunteers across the country had participated in more than 460,000 volunteer projects, rendering a total of more than 290 million hours of voluntary service.

廣大民眾扛起責(zé)任、眾志成城，自覺參與抗擊疫情。危難面前，中國人民對中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府高度信任，勇敢承擔(dān)起社會責(zé)任，為取得抗疫勝利約束自我乃至犧牲自我。疫情暴發(fā)正值春節(jié)假期，國家一聲令下，全民響應(yīng)，一致行動，整個社會緊急停下腳步。人們?nèi)∠舜汗?jié)期間的走親訪友和各種聚會，克服困難就地隔離，外出自覺佩戴口罩、測量體溫、保持社交距離。保護自己就是保護別人、就是為國家作貢獻成為社會共識和每個人的自覺行動。人們長時間在家隔離，上網(wǎng)課、學(xué)美食、陪家人，用各種方式緩解壓力，以積極樂觀的態(tài)度抗擊疫情。“所有好的做法如果想要奏效，必須要有公眾的集體意愿。正因如此，中國有能力通過傳統(tǒng)公共衛(wèi)生干預(yù)方法應(yīng)對一種新型的未知病毒”（注5）。
The general public shouldered their responsibilities, united as one, and proactively participated in epidemic prevention and control.In the face of adversity, Chinese people have great faith in the Party and the government. They courageously shouldered their social responsibilities, and on this occasion made great sacrifices to win the battle against the epidemic.The Chinese New Year holiday arrived amid the epidemic. Following government orders to contain the virus, the whole population acted in concert, and social exchanges shrank to a minimum. Visits to friends and relatives were canceled and so were other gatherings; people quarantined themselves, wore masks, began to take their body temperature regularly, and practiced other social distancing measures. The consensus was that protecting oneself was protecting others and making contribution to the country, so everyone took voluntary actions against the virus. People stayed at home for extended periods of time, taking online courses, honing culinary skills, and spending time with their families. Many found creative ways to keep themselves occupied, and confronted the epidemic with a positive attitude.Speaking of the general public in China, Dr. Bruce Aylward, former assistant director general of the WHO and senior advisor to WHO director general, said at the press conference of WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held on February 24 in Beijing, “And that’s because we want to emphasize this can’t work without the collective will of the population contributing to it. And that’s what really distinguishes this country, this response and the ability to take these old-fashioned strategies, some of the earliest ones we had in public health, apply them to the most modern virus and somehow do that.”

重大危機是考驗執(zhí)政黨執(zhí)政理念、執(zhí)政效能的試金石。中國在較短時間內(nèi)遏制疫情蔓延，根本在于中國共產(chǎn)黨的堅強領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。中國共產(chǎn)黨有堅強有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心，有以人民為中心的執(zhí)政理念，面對疫情危機，迅速科學(xué)作出決策，實行高效有力的危機應(yīng)對。中國共產(chǎn)黨嚴(yán)密的組織體系和高效的運行機制，在短時間內(nèi)建立橫向到邊、縱向到底的危機應(yīng)對機制，有效調(diào)動各方積極性，全國上下令行禁止、統(tǒng)一行動。中國共產(chǎn)黨460多萬個基層組織，廣泛動員群眾、組織群眾、凝聚群眾、服務(wù)群眾，筑起一座座抗擊疫情的堅強堡壘。在疫情危及人民生命安全的危難關(guān)頭，共產(chǎn)黨員沖在最前面，全國3900多萬名黨員、干部戰(zhàn)斗在抗疫一線，1300多萬名黨員參加志愿服務(wù)，近400名黨員、干部為保衛(wèi)人民生命安全獻出了寶貴生命。廣大黨員自覺捐款，為疫情防控斗爭真情奉獻。注重在疫情考驗中錘煉黨員干部，檢驗為民初心和責(zé)任擔(dān)當(dāng)，對湖北省委和武漢市委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子作出調(diào)整補充，對不擔(dān)當(dāng)、不作為、失職瀆職的黨員干部嚴(yán)肅問責(zé)，對敢于擔(dān)當(dāng)、認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的黨員干部大力褒獎、大膽使用，立起了鮮明導(dǎo)向。歷經(jīng)疫情磨礪，中國人民更加深切地認(rèn)識到，風(fēng)雨來襲，中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是最重要的保障、最可靠的依托，對中國共產(chǎn)黨更加擁護和信賴，對中國制度更加充滿信心。
A major crisis is a litmus test of the ruling Party’s governance philosophy and effectiveness. The strong leadership of the CPC has been fundamental to China’s rapid containment of the virus. The CPC has a strong leadership core, a people-oriented governance philosophy, and well-established organization and operation mechanisms. It quickly made the right decisions in response to the crisis. Under its leadership, efficient and powerful response measures were implemented. Within a short time, across-the-board crisis-response mechanisms were established down to the community level, motivating all those involved across the country to follow instructions and act as one.The CPC has more than 4.6 million primary-level organizations, which have served as strongholds against the epidemic, rallying and serving the general public. With the epidemic putting people’s lives and safety in danger, CPC members have acted as the vanguard. More than 39 million CPC members fought the virus at the front line, and more than 13 million CPC members volunteered their services. Nearly 400 CPC members have defended others’ lives and safety at the cost of their own. Party members have also voluntarily donated money for epidemic prevention and control.The CPC attaches great importance to tempering its members in times of trial, to gauge their commitment to serving the people and their sense of responsibility. The leadership of Wuhan City and Hubei Province was reshuffled, with some officials sanctioned for irresponsibility and dereliction of duty while others have been honored and promoted for their dedication and sense of responsibility.After weathering the epidemic, the Chinese people have keenly realized that the CPC leadership is the most reliable shelter against storms. Their trust in and support for the Party have increased, along with their confidence in China’s political system.