日前美國好萊塢傳來了一個(gè)好消息：影視產(chǎn)業(yè)要復(fù)工了！壞消息是，打戲和親密戲?qū)⒈槐M力縮減，拍攝進(jìn)度變慢，制片費(fèi)也將更加高昂。

Starting June 12, Hollywood can resume film and TV production, California governor Gavin Newsom announced over the weekend. While shoots are still subject to approval by public health officials, this opens the door for the entertainment industry to get back to work after the coronavirus pandemic forced a three-month hiatus.

美國加州州長加文·紐森上周末宣布，從6月12日起，好萊塢可以恢復(fù)電影和電視制作。盡管拍攝計(jì)劃還需經(jīng)過衛(wèi)生部門官員的批準(zhǔn)，但是這一決定為娛樂業(yè)復(fù)工打開了大門。此前新冠疫情迫使娛樂業(yè)停工了三個(gè)月。

Hollywood’s labor unions and the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers joined forces to release a white paper last week, outlining their recommendations for how to safely resume film and TV production.

上周好萊塢工會和電影與電視制片人聯(lián)盟聯(lián)合發(fā)布了一份白皮書，概述了恢復(fù)電影電視制作的安全建議。

While all of the group’s recommendations may not necessarily be implemented, the white paper is seen as an important step toward restarting the film and TV industries. Many of the new filming protocols meant to reduce the risk of transmission could last long after the pandemic recedes, creating a new normal for moviemaking worldwide.

盡管這些建議可能不一定被全部實(shí)施，但是這份白皮書可被視為重啟電影和電視行業(yè)的重要一步。許多旨在降低病毒傳播風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的拍攝新規(guī)可能會在疫情好轉(zhuǎn)后仍長期存在，在世界各地形成電影制作的新常態(tài)。

打戲和親密戲份減少了

“Certain activities such as fight scenes or intimate scenes increase the risk of transmission,” the white paper reads. “When maintaining physical distancing is not possible...contact must be kept to the shortest amount of time possible.”

白皮書寫道：“某些活動(dòng)，比如打戲和親密戲份，會增加病毒傳播的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。雖然不可能在拍攝中保持安全距離，但是身體接觸的時(shí)間應(yīng)盡可能縮短?！?/p>

The task force recommends productions “consider measures to minimize scenes with close contact between performers,” such as by changing scripts or using more digital effects. Scenes viewers once took completely for granted may no longer be possible—at least, not how we’re used to seeing them.

工作組建議制片方“考慮采取措施將演員間親密接觸的戲份降到最少”，比如修改劇本或采用更多數(shù)字特效。觀眾們過去視為理所當(dāng)然的一些場面可能不會再出現(xiàn)，至少不會像我們過去習(xí)慣看到的那樣。

取消現(xiàn)場觀眾

The white paper mentions the use of live studio audiences during filming is “discouraged,” but does not outright suggest a ban on them. It says some may be allowed on a case-by-case basis with social distancing, mandatory mask use, symptom screening of audience members upon entry, and physical barriers between the audience and the cast and crew.

白皮書提到，“不鼓勵(lì)”拍攝時(shí)在攝影棚有現(xiàn)場觀眾，但是沒有直接建議禁止。白皮書稱，允許某些攝制組在個(gè)別期節(jié)目中有現(xiàn)場觀眾，但必須遵守社交隔離規(guī)定，強(qiáng)制佩戴口罩，在入口處對觀眾進(jìn)行癥狀篩查，以及在觀眾和演職人員之間設(shè)置物理屏障。

取消紙質(zhì)劇本

The use of paper should be minimized “whenever possible” and alternatives like electronic scripts “should be explored,” according to the document. If paper scripts are completely unavoidable, the task force recommends they be assigned to specific individuals, clearly labeled, and “not shared between others.”

白皮書指出，應(yīng)“盡可能”減少用紙，“探索使用”電子劇本等替代品。如果無法完全避免紙質(zhì)劇本，工作組建議分發(fā)給特定的個(gè)人，清楚地做好標(biāo)記，“不要與人分享”。

縮短每日工作時(shí)間

In an effort to reduce the risk of transmission and keep cast and crew sane, the task force wants to limit the duration of work days and use fewer consecutive work days.

為了降低病毒傳播的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，讓演員和工作人員神志清醒，工作組希望限制每日工作時(shí)長，并減少連續(xù)工作的天數(shù)。

The International Cinematographers Guild released its own set of guidelines, which also stress the importance of shorter work days. “Workplace practices that compromise the health and immune systems of employees and contribute to vulnerability and illness of employees should be eliminated,” the document says. The cinematographers also recommend extending rest periods “to ensure cast and crew remain healthy and receive adequate rest.”

國際電影攝影師協(xié)會發(fā)布了自己的指導(dǎo)規(guī)定，其中也強(qiáng)調(diào)了縮短工作時(shí)長的重要性。該規(guī)定指出：“應(yīng)該消除那些損害員工健康和免疫系統(tǒng)、導(dǎo)致員工體弱生病的職場行為?！眹H電影攝影師協(xié)會還建議延長休息時(shí)間，“確保演職人員保持健康，得到充分的休息”。

As a result of shorter work days, film and TV shoots could be forced to run over a longer period of time. A two-week shoot could stretch into a month. A monthlong shoot could stretch to several months. Longer production schedules could also put a strain on actors’ and filmmakers’ availability and studios’ budgets.

縮短工作時(shí)長的結(jié)果是，電影和電視拍攝將被迫持續(xù)更長時(shí)間。原先兩星期能拍完的項(xiàng)目可能會耗時(shí)一個(gè)月。一個(gè)月能拍完的可能會延長至數(shù)月。更長的拍片計(jì)劃還會對演員、導(dǎo)演的檔期和工作室的預(yù)算造成壓力。

化妝和造型讓演員自己搞定

New safety guidelines on film sets will likely hardest hit the craftspeople whose jobs require they work closely with actors: costume designers, makeup artists, and hairstylists. The task force acknowledged that some of their work simply “may not be possible while maintaining physical distancing from others.”

新的電影拍攝安全指導(dǎo)規(guī)定可能對那些需要和演員近距離工作的手藝人的飯碗打擊最大：服裝設(shè)計(jì)師、化妝師、發(fā)型師。工作組承認(rèn)，他們的一部分工作“可能無法在保持安全距離的情況下完成”。

Productions may have to prioritize costumes actors can put on themselves. Complicated period costumes—like a corset, for example—may have to be altered so that performers can wear them without anyone’s assistance.

片方可能會優(yōu)先選擇演員可以自己穿上的服裝。復(fù)雜的年代劇服裝——比如緊身胸衣——可能需要進(jìn)行改造，讓演員可以不需要?jiǎng)e人幫助就自己穿上。

每個(gè)片場都有防疫監(jiān)察官

Every set could soon have its own designated Covid-19 “compliance officer” who works across all departments to ensure guidelines are being followed and “to address issues as they arise.”

每個(gè)片場可能很快就會有指定的防疫“監(jiān)察官”，監(jiān)察官會在各個(gè)部門走動(dòng)，確保人們遵守指導(dǎo)規(guī)定，“并在出現(xiàn)問題時(shí)進(jìn)行處理”。

制片費(fèi)將會更加高昂

Several Hollywood studio executives told Variety they expect productions to cost a lot more in a post-Covid world than they used to. The additional equipment, new personnel, higher insurance premiums, and increased reliance on visual effects and other technologies as substitutes for in-person filming will all add to the costs of a shoot.

幾家好萊塢制片廠高管告訴《綜藝》雜志說，他們預(yù)期制片費(fèi)會比疫情前多出一大筆。額外的設(shè)備、新增人員、更高的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，以及對替代親自拍攝的特效和其他技術(shù)的依賴增加，這些都會增加拍攝費(fèi)用。

The obvious conclusion is that more expensive productions could hurt independent production companies who already struggle to finance film and TV shoots.

顯而易見的結(jié)果是，更高昂的制片費(fèi)會對本就難以維持電影和電視拍攝花銷的獨(dú)立制片公司造成打擊。

英文來源：石英財(cái)經(jīng)網(wǎng)

翻譯&編輯：丹妮