寨卡病毒、非典、埃博拉病毒、新冠病毒……是什么導(dǎo)致近年來(lái)大流行病頻發(fā)呢？聯(lián)合國(guó)、世界衛(wèi)生組織和世界自然基金會(huì)指出，這都是人類破壞自然的結(jié)果，如果不保護(hù)自然，未來(lái)還會(huì)暴發(fā)更致命的大流行病。

Pandemics such as coronavirus are the result of humanity’s destruction of nature, according to leaders at the UN, WHO and WWF International, and the world has been ignoring this stark reality for decades.
聯(lián)合國(guó)、世界衛(wèi)生組織和世界自然基金會(huì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人指出，新冠肺炎等大流行病是人類破壞自然的結(jié)果，而幾十年來(lái)全世界一直在無(wú)視這個(gè)赤裸裸的現(xiàn)實(shí)。

The illegal and unsustainable wildlife trade as well as the devastation of forests and other wild places were still the driving forces behind the increasing number of diseases leaping from wildlife to humans, the leaders told the Guardian.
他們告訴《衛(wèi)報(bào)》說(shuō)，非法的不可持續(xù)的野生動(dòng)物貿(mào)易以及對(duì)森林和其他野生地帶的破壞依然是野生動(dòng)物傳播給人類的疾病日益增多的背后驅(qū)動(dòng)力。

They are calling for a green and healthy recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic, in particular by reforming destructive farming and unsustainable diets.
他們呼吁用綠色健康的方式從新冠疫情中恢復(fù)，尤其是改革破壞性的農(nóng)業(yè)開發(fā)和不可持續(xù)的飲食方式。

A WWF report published on Wednesday, warns: “The risk of a new [wildlife-to-human] disease emerging in the future is higher than ever, with the potential to wreak havoc on health, economies and global security.”
本周三（6月17日）發(fā)布的一份世界自然基金會(huì)報(bào)告警告稱：“未來(lái)出現(xiàn)（野生動(dòng)物傳播給人類的）新型疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比以往都更高，可能會(huì)對(duì)健康、經(jīng)濟(jì)和全球安全造成嚴(yán)重破壞?！?/p>

High-level figures have issued a series of warnings since March, with the world’s leading biodiversity experts saying even more deadly disease outbreaks are likely in future unless the rampant destruction of the natural world is rapidly halted.
自從三月以來(lái)，高層人士已經(jīng)發(fā)出一系列警告，世界頂級(jí)生物多樣性專家表示，未來(lái)可能暴發(fā)更致命的疫情，除非對(duì)自然界的大肆破壞迅速停止。

Earlier in June, the UN environment chief and a leading economist said Covid-19 was an “SOS signal for the human enterprise” and that current economic thinking did not recognise that human wealth depends on nature’s health.
六月上旬，聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境署署長(zhǎng)、首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家指出，新冠肺炎是“對(duì)人類事業(yè)發(fā)出的求救信號(hào)”，當(dāng)下的經(jīng)濟(jì)思維沒有意識(shí)到人類的財(cái)富依賴于自然的健康。

“We have seen many diseases emerge over the years, such as Zika, Aids, Sars and Ebola and they all originated from animal populations under conditions of severe environmental pressures,” said Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, head of the UN convention on biological diversity, Maria Neira, the World Health Organization director for environment and health, and Marco Lambertini, head of WWF International, in the Guardian article.
聯(lián)合國(guó)《生物多樣性公約》代理執(zhí)行秘書伊麗莎白·瑪如瑪·莫勒瑪、世界衛(wèi)生組織環(huán)境與衛(wèi)生部主任瑪麗亞·奈拉、世界自然基金會(huì)總干事馬可·蘭博蒂尼告訴《衛(wèi)報(bào)》說(shuō)：“這些年我們已經(jīng)見過(guò)很多疾病的出現(xiàn)，比如艾滋病、非典，還有寨卡病毒和埃博拉病毒引發(fā)的疾病，這些病毒都是在嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境壓力下來(lái)自動(dòng)物群體?！?/p>

With coronavirus, “these outbreaks are manifestations of our dangerously unbalanced relationship with nature”, they said. “They all illustrate that our own destructive behaviour towards nature is endangering our own health – a stark reality we’ve been collectively ignoring for decades.
他們指出，新冠病毒的“暴發(fā)展現(xiàn)出我們與自然嚴(yán)重失衡的關(guān)系”。“這些疾病都表明了我們自己對(duì)自然的破壞性行為正在危及我們的自身健康——幾十年來(lái)我們一直在集體無(wú)視這個(gè)赤裸裸的事實(shí)。”

“Worryingly, while Covid-19 has given us yet another reason to protect and preserve nature, we have seen the reverse take place. From the Greater Mekong, to the Amazon and Madagascar, alarming reports have emerged of increased poaching, illegal logging and forest fires, while many countries are engaging in hasty environmental rollbacks and cuts in funding for conservation. This all comes at a time when we need it most.
“令人擔(dān)憂的是，盡管新冠病毒又給了我們一個(gè)保護(hù)自然的理由，但我們卻看到人們?cè)诒车蓝Y。從大湄公河到亞馬孫雨林和馬達(dá)加斯加，越來(lái)越多的偷獵、非法砍伐和森林火災(zāi)見諸報(bào)端，而許多國(guó)家正倉(cāng)促地采取倒退的環(huán)境政策，削減保護(hù)自然的資金。這些都發(fā)生在我們最需要保護(hù)自然的時(shí)候?！?/p>

rollback[?ro?lb?k]: n. 卷回；反轉(zhuǎn)；（物價(jià)、利率等的）回降

“We must embrace a just, healthy and green recovery and kickstart a wider transformation towards a model that values nature as the foundation for a healthy society. Not doing so, and instead attempting to save money by neglecting environmental protection, health systems, and social safety nets, has already proven to be a false economy. The bill will be paid many times over.”
“我們必須接受一個(gè)公正、健康和綠色的恢復(fù)過(guò)程，啟動(dòng)更大范圍的改革行動(dòng)，建立一個(gè)將自然奉為健康社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)的模式。不這么做，而是試圖為了省錢而忽視自然保護(hù)、衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)和社會(huì)安全網(wǎng)，已經(jīng)被證明是錯(cuò)誤的經(jīng)濟(jì)方式。這筆賬將來(lái)要數(shù)倍償還?！?/p>

The WWF report concludes the key drivers for diseases that move from wild animals to humans are the destruction of nature, the intensification of agriculture and livestock production, as well as the trading and consumption of high-risk wildlife.
世界自然基金會(huì)的報(bào)告總結(jié)道，從野生動(dòng)物傳給人類的疾病的關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動(dòng)因素就是對(duì)自然的破壞、農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)的集約化生產(chǎn)，以及高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)野生動(dòng)物的貿(mào)易和消費(fèi)。

The report urges all governments to introduce and enforce laws to eliminate the destruction of nature from supply chains of goods and on the public to make their diets more sustainable.
該報(bào)告敦促所有政府引進(jìn)和實(shí)施法規(guī)來(lái)消除對(duì)自然的破壞，從商品供應(yīng)鏈到更可持續(xù)化的大眾飲食方式。

Beef, palm oil and soy are among the commodities frequently linked to deforestation and scientists have said avoiding meat and dairy products is the single biggest way for people to reduce their environmental impact on the planet.
牛肉、棕櫚油和大豆是與森林砍伐高度相關(guān)的商品。科學(xué)家指出，少吃肉和奶制品是人們減少對(duì)地球的環(huán)境影響的最主要方法。

The WWF report said 60-70% of the new diseases that have emerged in humans since 1990 came from wildlife. Over the same period, 178m hectares of forest have been cleared, equivalent to more than seven times the area of the UK.
世界自然基金會(huì)的報(bào)告稱，自從1990年以來(lái)，人類出現(xiàn)的新型疾病有60%到70%都來(lái)自野生動(dòng)物。在同一時(shí)期內(nèi)，1.78億公頃森林被砍伐，相當(dāng)于英國(guó)國(guó)土面積的7倍多。

英文來(lái)源：衛(wèi)報(bào)

翻譯&編輯：丹妮