新華社記者：您一直強(qiáng)調(diào)要重視激發(fā)市場(chǎng)主體活力，發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)主體在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的重要作用。現(xiàn)在有一些市場(chǎng)主體反映，在生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)、公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、市場(chǎng)環(huán)境等方面還有一些困難和障礙。請(qǐng)問(wèn)今年政府將出臺(tái)哪些改革措施來(lái)助企紓困，讓他們煥發(fā)新的生機(jī)？
Xinhua News Agency: You have repeatedly stressed the importance of energizing market entities and leveraging their key role in driving economic development. At present, we are seeing that some market entities are still faced with difficulties or obstacles in terms of their production and operations, in fair competition and the market environment. What reform measures will the government take this year to alleviate their difficulties and revitalize those market entities?

李克強(qiáng)：去年我們推進(jìn)改革，很突出的一點(diǎn)就是制定和實(shí)施宏觀政策時(shí)，圍繞市場(chǎng)主體的需求來(lái)考慮，助力市場(chǎng)主體脫困、激發(fā)活力，撐起中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本盤(pán)。中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放40多年來(lái)，我們發(fā)展社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，不斷培育和發(fā)展市場(chǎng)主體。市場(chǎng)主體培育起來(lái)，就可以充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)在資源配置中的決定性作用和更好發(fā)揮政府作用。“十三五”期間的五年，我們的市場(chǎng)主體增加了6000多萬(wàn)戶(hù)。去年在疫情沖擊下，后期快速恢復(fù)增長(zhǎng)，現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)主體總數(shù)已經(jīng)達(dá)到一億三千多萬(wàn)戶(hù)，而且去年個(gè)體工商戶(hù)又新增1000多萬(wàn)戶(hù)，從8000多萬(wàn)戶(hù)增加到9000多萬(wàn)戶(hù)，帶動(dòng)兩億多人就業(yè)。市場(chǎng)主體的活力激發(fā)、活躍度提高，這是政府推進(jìn)改革的努力方向。
Premier Li: The centerpiece of our reform last year was to align our macro policies with the needs of market entities to provide them with relief and energize them in bid to consolidate the fundamentals of China's economy. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, we have been developing a socialist market economy to boost market entities so that the market can play its decisive role in allocating resources and the government can better play its role. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, over 60 million new market entities were registered. Last year, especially in its latter half, with the economic rebound, we saw another upsurge in the number of new market entities. Now there are some 130 million market entities in China. Last year, the number of self-employed individuals increased by over 10 million, rising from 80 million to the current 90 million, providing 200 million job opportunities. So the important purpose of China's reform agenda is to energize market entities.

今年我們政策的制定和實(shí)施，還是要繼續(xù)圍著市場(chǎng)主體轉(zhuǎn)，這就需要繼續(xù)推進(jìn)“放管服”改革，讓市場(chǎng)主體不僅生存，而且活躍。去年我們說(shuō)留得青山，就贏得未來(lái)，今年說(shuō)留得市場(chǎng)主體的青山常在，就能夠生機(jī)盎然，使中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的活力和韌性充分體現(xiàn)。所以轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能很重要的是要把市場(chǎng)主體應(yīng)有的權(quán)限給他們，讓他們?nèi)グl(fā)揮。對(duì)于審批環(huán)節(jié)，我們要繼續(xù)減環(huán)節(jié)、減材料、減費(fèi)用、減時(shí)限。一方面為市場(chǎng)主體減負(fù)，另一方面為他們松綁，放開(kāi)手腳去競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
We will continue to keep our policies well-aligned with the needs of market entities. This year, we will continue to reform government functions to better help market entities survive and thrive. Last year, we said we would help keep market entities afloat. This year we will work to sustain and revitalize the market actors, as their survival and thrival is critical for the vitality and resilience of China's economy. An important part of the reform of government functions is to allow market entities to make their own decisions wherever necessary. We will continue to streamline administrative review processes in terms of procedures, documents, fees and time needed to lessen the burdens on market entities and free up more space for them to compete freely on the market.

當(dāng)然，要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)就應(yīng)當(dāng)是公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，就必須有監(jiān)管。管出公平、管出公正，這樣才能讓市場(chǎng)主體顯示真正的創(chuàng)造力。所以我們放管并重，創(chuàng)新監(jiān)管方式，加強(qiáng)事中事后監(jiān)管，這都是改革。我們支持“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)這些新業(yè)態(tài)，但是對(duì)于坑蒙拐騙、造假失信，或者利用新業(yè)態(tài)的旗號(hào)去搞詐騙、非法集資的，就要堅(jiān)決打擊，因?yàn)榘咽袌?chǎng)攪亂了，沒(méi)有公平，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)就不可能持續(xù)，就不可能展現(xiàn)更強(qiáng)的活力。
Competition needs to happen on a level-playing field. We will improve our regulation to ensure fairness on the market so that market entities can better show their creativity and innovation. We will streamline administration and also enhance supervision and regulation. That includes developing new regulatory approaches and enhancing compliance oversight. Those are all part of the reform package. We will continue to support the Internet Plus model and the Internet of Things as new forms of industry and business. We will combat such malpractices as cheating of marketplace, counterfeiting, acts of bad faith, fraud, and illegal fund-raising in the name of new forms of industry, because these malpractices disrupt market order and undermine fairness. Without fairness, neither competition nor market vitality would be possible.

政府還要進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化政務(wù)服務(wù)，為企業(yè)重質(zhì)量、守誠(chéng)信、精工細(xì)作去提高產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力來(lái)營(yíng)造環(huán)境。對(duì)于政務(wù)服務(wù)中那些涉及企業(yè)、人民群眾經(jīng)常要辦的事項(xiàng)，要努力做到網(wǎng)上辦、掌上辦、一次辦，讓市場(chǎng)主體有更強(qiáng)的活力，社會(huì)有創(chuàng)造力。
The government will deliver better services and foster an enabling environment for all companies who put quality first, act in good faith and concentrate on making their products and services more competitive. As for those high-demand government services, we will work hard to make them accessible on-line through smart phones on a one-stop basis to better energize market entities and boost social creativity.

臺(tái)灣無(wú)線(xiàn)衛(wèi)星電視臺(tái)記者：今年年初，臺(tái)灣方面表示希望跟大陸能夠在后疫情時(shí)代恢復(fù)交流。與此同時(shí)，兩岸關(guān)系目前并沒(méi)有看到和緩的跡象，請(qǐng)問(wèn)大陸方面對(duì)此怎么看，未來(lái)又如何因應(yīng)？
TVBS of Taiwan: Early this year, Taiwan expressed hope for resumed cross-Strait exchanges with the mainland in the post-COVID era. However, so far, we have yet to see signs of an easing situation across the Taiwan Strait. What is the view of the mainland on the current situation? And what does the mainland intend to do in the future?

李克強(qiáng)：我們對(duì)臺(tái)的大政方針是一貫的，也是非常明確的，就是堅(jiān)持一個(gè)中國(guó)原則和“九二共識(shí)”。在此前提下，我們歡迎臺(tái)灣任何政黨、團(tuán)體同我們交往，也歡迎臺(tái)灣各黨派團(tuán)體人士就兩岸關(guān)系和民族未來(lái)與我們開(kāi)展對(duì)話(huà)。
Premier Li: Our principle and policy towards Taiwan have been consistent and clear-cut. We remain committed to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus. On that basis, we welcome exchanges with any political party or group from Taiwan, and we welcome dialogue with any party, group or personage of Taiwan on cross-Strait relations and future of the nation.

我們堅(jiān)持推進(jìn)兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展和祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一，反對(duì)任何形式的“臺(tái)獨(dú)”分裂活動(dòng)，也反對(duì)外部勢(shì)力的干涉。
We will continue to promote peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and China's reunification. We are opposed to any form of separatist activities seeking "Taiwan independence" and foreign interference in cross-Strait affairs.

我們一直秉持“兩岸一家親”的理念。這幾年出臺(tái)了很多惠及臺(tái)企臺(tái)胞的政策，不少臺(tái)灣企業(yè)和同胞從中受益。我們會(huì)繼續(xù)讓臺(tái)灣同胞分享大陸的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，繼續(xù)推動(dòng)兩岸融合發(fā)展。
We always believe that people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait belong to one and the same family. That is why in recent years, we have introduced a series of policies that benefit Taiwan companies and compatriots, and many have benefited from such policy measures. We will continue to enable Taiwan compatriots to share in the development opportunities on the mainland and promote integrated development across the Taiwan Strait.

人民日?qǐng)?bào)社記者：受疫情等因素影響，民生領(lǐng)域一些難題凸顯，如就醫(yī)、子女教育、養(yǎng)老托幼等成為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的短板，也影響了人民群眾的獲得感和幸福感。請(qǐng)問(wèn)政府打算從哪些方面著手來(lái)解決這些難題？
People's Daily: The COVID-19 pandemic has made some difficulties related to people's lives more acute, including in the areas of medical services, education, elderly and child care. This has been an area of weakness in our country's economic and social development, and our people have not felt as many gains or as much happiness as they deserve. What measures will the government take to tackle these problems?

李克強(qiáng)：今年政府總支出比去年略有增加，盤(pán)子不小，所以要更多地向量大面廣的民生領(lǐng)域傾斜，特別是義務(wù)教育和基本醫(yī)療。如果下半年經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)向好，那么會(huì)下更大的力度把財(cái)政支出包括債務(wù)支出投向這些領(lǐng)域。這對(duì)拉動(dòng)當(dāng)年GDP增長(zhǎng)可能不明顯，但是對(duì)于長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展、惠民生有支撐作用。我們要堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，這是習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想的重要內(nèi)容，人民的政府就應(yīng)當(dāng)以民之所望為施政所向。
Premier Li: With a modest increase over the previous year, total fiscal spending for this year is of no small amount, and will be weighted towards the wide range of areas related to people's lives, especially compulsory education and basic medical care. If the economy keeps the positive momentum in the second half of the year, we intend to channel a greater share of budgetary expenditures and funds raised by issuing government bonds to these areas. Such inputs may not make a big difference in driving GDP growth for the current year, but they are critical for laying a solid foundation for China's long-term development and bettering people's lives. We must continue to implement the development thinking of putting people at the center, which is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Our government is a people's government. It must respond to the people's needs.

教育和健康關(guān)系到每個(gè)家庭、國(guó)家與民族的未來(lái)。我在兩會(huì)參加代表團(tuán)審議時(shí)，一位中學(xué)校長(zhǎng)說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在縣鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)還缺乏優(yōu)質(zhì)的教師資源，教師的待遇不高，學(xué)歷也很難提高。我們今年要下決心，加大對(duì)縣鄉(xiāng)教師培訓(xùn)的投入，讓他們能夠在職便利地提高學(xué)歷，職稱(chēng)評(píng)定要采取傾斜政策。對(duì)于在城市的農(nóng)民工子弟，只要拿到居住證，一定要讓他們有受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。決不能因?yàn)榧揖场^(qū)域不同，讓孩子輸在起跑線(xiàn)上。機(jī)會(huì)公平中，教育公平是最大的公平。
Education and health concerns the future of every family and every nation. While I was attending the deliberation of a provincial delegation during the two sessions this year, the headmaster of a secondary school told me that in county and township secondary schools, quality teachers are in short supply. Their pay packages are inadequate and it is difficult for them to further their education. This year we will scale up on-the-job training for teachers in counties and townships to help them further their education. Preferential arrangement will be made for their professional title assessment. Children of rural migrant workers in cities with urban residency permits must be given an opportunity for education. No child should be put at a disadvantage because of his/her family background or where he/she comes from. Educational fairness is most important in ensuring equal access to opportunities.

健康是幸福的基礎(chǔ)，也是生產(chǎn)力。現(xiàn)在縣鄉(xiāng)基層的醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)和力量還比較薄弱，很多人有病往大城市大醫(yī)院跑。今年我們要多措并舉加大對(duì)縣鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)院、衛(wèi)生院的投入，對(duì)于擴(kuò)大門(mén)診醫(yī)保報(bào)銷(xiāo)范圍和常見(jiàn)病藥品報(bào)銷(xiāo)范圍、降低藥品和高值醫(yī)用耗材價(jià)格等，都要采取一些讓群眾切實(shí)感受得到的措施。也就是說(shuō)，要讓群眾看病多一點(diǎn)便利，治病少一點(diǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)。這也有利于鞏固脫貧攻堅(jiān)成果，防止因病返貧致貧。
Good health is the foundation of happiness. It is also in itself a productive force. Our medical institutions in counties and townships are still weak, hence people have to go to big hospitals in big cities for medical treatment. This year we will increase funding support for medical institutions, including health clinics, in counties and townships, through multiple channels. The government will also take a series of concrete steps, including expanding the coverage of reimbursement of outpatient bills and medical expenses for common disease drugs, and lowering the prices of drugs and high-priced consumables. The purpose is to help make access to medical services easier and lessen the financial burden on patients. This will also help consolidate the gains we have made in ending abject poverty, so that people won't go back into poverty because of falling ill.

在養(yǎng)老托幼方面，政府還要通過(guò)引導(dǎo)社會(huì)力量來(lái)興辦社區(qū)服務(wù)業(yè)，盡可能在稅收等方面給予優(yōu)惠支持，給家庭在養(yǎng)老托幼方面不僅減輕一點(diǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)，也多一點(diǎn)溫暖?？傊?，民生方面的事很多，我們要在發(fā)展中持續(xù)改善民生。我們現(xiàn)在實(shí)施的是廣覆蓋、?；镜纳鐣?huì)保障制度。?；荆诮?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中持續(xù)提高水平，但也要突出重點(diǎn)。對(duì)于事關(guān)人人、事關(guān)國(guó)家和民族未來(lái)的義務(wù)教育和基本醫(yī)療，各級(jí)政府一定要扛在肩上。
In terms of elderly and child care, we will rely more on private actors in running community-based services in these areas. They will receive tax breaks and other preferential policies from the government, so that each and every family will have less burden in terms of elderly and child care and feel the warmth of government support. In a word, there are still many areas where a lot needs to be done to improve people's lives and we need to tackle these problems in the course of development. Our country's social security system intends to meet people's basic needs with a broad-based coverage. While strengthening social protection through development, we must also keep our focus on the top priorities. Compulsory education and basic medical care are things that concern each and every individual as well as the future of our country and nation. Governments at all levels must fully live up to their responsibilities in these fields.

新加坡聯(lián)合早報(bào)記者：中國(guó)提出加快構(gòu)建以國(guó)內(nèi)大循環(huán)為主體、國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際雙循環(huán)相互促進(jìn)的新發(fā)展格局。請(qǐng)問(wèn)這是不是中國(guó)在美國(guó)等西方國(guó)家“圍堵”下被迫采取的某種戰(zhàn)略收縮？另外，在中國(guó)發(fā)展國(guó)內(nèi)大循環(huán)、構(gòu)建超大規(guī)模的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的時(shí)候會(huì)帶來(lái)怎樣的變化？留給外資的空間未來(lái)會(huì)不會(huì)越來(lái)越??？
Lianhe Zaobao: China said it will foster a new development paradigm with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international calculations reinforcing each other. I wonder if this is a kind of strategic retreat that China feels compelled to make due to the encirclement by the United States and other Western countries. As China develops domestic circulation and builds a supersized domestic market, what changes will that effect? Will it mean a dwindling space for foreign investment?

李克強(qiáng)：中國(guó)提出要立足新發(fā)展階段、貫徹新發(fā)展理念、構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局，以國(guó)內(nèi)大循環(huán)為主體，國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際雙循環(huán)相互促進(jìn)，這既是要做大國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)，也是要擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)深度融入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，可以說(shuō)你中有我、我中有你，關(guān)起門(mén)來(lái)是沒(méi)有出路的。中國(guó)會(huì)不斷地、主動(dòng)地?cái)U(kuò)大開(kāi)放，這是中國(guó)自身利益的需要，也有利于世界。中國(guó)把內(nèi)需市場(chǎng)做大，帶動(dòng)自身發(fā)展，也會(huì)給外資、外國(guó)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)帶來(lái)巨大的機(jī)會(huì)。我在參加代表團(tuán)審議的時(shí)候，一位企業(yè)家說(shuō)，抓住內(nèi)循環(huán)就是要開(kāi)拓國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)，抓住雙循環(huán)就是要開(kāi)拓國(guó)際市場(chǎng)，兩個(gè)市場(chǎng)還可以打通。他說(shuō)得很樸實(shí)，但言簡(jiǎn)意賅。
Premier Li: China will have a keen grasp of the new development stage, implement the new development philosophy, and move faster to foster a new development paradigm with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other. This is to boost our domestic market and open China wider to the world. The Chinese economy has become deeply integrated into the global economy. Shutting its door to the world will lead nowhere. We will continue to take the initiative to open wider. This is what we need to do and it is also beneficial for the whole world. Rising domestic demand in China will drive its own development and present great opportunity for foreign investment, products and services. While I was attending the deliberation of a provincial delegation, an entrepreneur said that if one gets the domestic circulation, it will help him leverage the domestic market; by getting dual circulation, one will be in a good position to leverage the international markets, and the two markets can be linked up. He made the case in a simple and succinct way.

開(kāi)放還需要各國(guó)共同努力，相向而行。經(jīng)過(guò)8年的努力，去年?yáng)|盟10國(guó)、中、日、韓、澳、新15國(guó)談成了RCEP協(xié)定，這是世界上最大的自貿(mào)區(qū)，是不同社會(huì)制度、文化習(xí)俗，不同發(fā)展階段國(guó)家共同建設(shè)的。這說(shuō)明，只要相互尊重、平等相待，可以談出共識(shí)，找到共同利益，擴(kuò)大各國(guó)人民的福祉，而且有助于地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、供應(yīng)鏈的穩(wěn)定，會(huì)給世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增添動(dòng)力。中國(guó)是世界產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、供應(yīng)鏈的重要組成部分，我們不僅要發(fā)揮自身的作用，而且要履行自身的責(zé)任，維護(hù)以世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的多邊貿(mào)易體制。只要是對(duì)互利共贏有利的，無(wú)論是多邊、雙邊的機(jī)制，我們都持積極開(kāi)放的態(tài)度。
Openness calls for joint efforts among countries. Last year, after eight years of negotiations, 15 countries, namely the 10 ASEAN countries, China, Japan, the ROK, Australia and New Zealand, concluded the RCEP agreement, the largest FTA in the world. This is an FTA among countries different in social system, cultural heritage and stage of development. Its conclusion shows that with mutual respect and equality, countries with such differences can work things through, reach consensus, identify common interests and add to the good of people of these countries. This agreement is also important for keeping regional industrial and supply chains stable and boosting global economic growth. China is an important component of the world industrial and supply chains. China will continue to play its due role and live up to its due responsibilities. We will continue to uphold the multilateral trading regime based on WTO rules, and China has a positive and open attitude towards any multilateral or bilateral mechanism that helps achieve mutual benefit.

我們會(huì)進(jìn)一步主動(dòng)地對(duì)外開(kāi)放，繼續(xù)縮減外商來(lái)華投資負(fù)面清單，繼續(xù)推動(dòng)包括服務(wù)業(yè)在內(nèi)的對(duì)外開(kāi)放。我注意到，很多外企關(guān)心中國(guó)的營(yíng)商環(huán)境，我們還要繼續(xù)打造市場(chǎng)化、法治化、國(guó)際化的營(yíng)商環(huán)境?？偠灾ㄟ^(guò)多種努力，在擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需中不斷擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放，繼續(xù)讓中國(guó)成為外商投資的重要目的地、世界的大市場(chǎng)。
We will continue to take the initiative to open further. We will further shorten the negative list on market access for foreign investors and further open up our services and other sectors. I know that foreign investors following keenly the development of China's business environment. We will continue to foster a world-class, market-oriented business climate governed by a sound legal framework. We believe that by taking various actions to expand domestic demand and further open up, China will remain a key destination for foreign investment and a big market to the world.

記者會(huì)采用網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻形式進(jìn)行，主會(huì)場(chǎng)設(shè)在人民大會(huì)堂三樓金色大廳，分會(huì)場(chǎng)設(shè)在梅地亞兩會(huì)新聞中心。記者會(huì)歷時(shí)約110分鐘。
The Press Conference was held via video link between the main venue, the Golden Hall on the third floor of the Great Hall of the People, and the Press Center for the NPC and CPPCC Sessions at Media Center Hotel. It lasted for about 110 minutes.