國務(wù)院新聞辦公室9月26日發(fā)表《新疆的人口發(fā)展》白皮書。

以下為白皮書雙語全文：

新疆的人口發(fā)展
Xinjiang Population Dynamics and Data

中華人民共和國
國務(wù)院新聞辦公室
2021年9月
The State Council Information Office of
the People’s Republic of China
September 2021

目錄
Contents

前言
Preface

一、新疆人口發(fā)展的歷史
I. Population Growth in Xinjiang

二、新疆人口的現(xiàn)狀
II. Latest Demographics of Xinjiang

三、維吾爾族人口的發(fā)展
III. Demographic Changes in the Uygur Population

四、新疆人口發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)必然性
IV. Factors Contributing to Xinjiang’s Demographic Development

五、新疆人口發(fā)展的趨勢
V. Xinjiang’s Population Prospects

六、關(guān)于境外反華勢力炒作的幾個(gè)問題
VI. Falsehoods Fabricated by Anti-China Forces

結(jié)束語
Conclusion

前言
Preface

人口是社會生活的主體，是人類社會存在和發(fā)展的前提。人類的一切經(jīng)濟(jì)社會活動都與人口密切相關(guān)，人口發(fā)展關(guān)乎經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會和諧、民族興衰、國家安全。
A healthy population is essential for the existence and development of human society. All economic and social activities are closely related to population. Its growth influences economic and social development, and national security and prosperity.

新疆地處中國西北、亞歐大陸腹地，自古以來就是多民族聚居地區(qū)。公元前60年，西漢中央政權(quán)在新疆地區(qū)設(shè)立西域都護(hù)府，標(biāo)志著新疆地區(qū)正式納入中國版圖。2000多年來，新疆地區(qū)眾多民族經(jīng)過誕育、分化、交融，形成了“你中有我、我中有你”的和合共生關(guān)系和多元一體格局。
Lying in northwest China and central Eurasia, Xinjiang has been a place inhabited by multiple ethnic groups since ancient times. In 60 BC, the Western Han Dynasty established the Western Regions Frontier Command to govern the Xinjiang area, officially incorporating the area into the Chinese territory. Over the following 2,000 years and more, various ethnic groups have emerged, divided and mixed there. Today they live together in harmony and have formed a diverse unity.

中華人民共和國成立前，新疆經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展落后，人口規(guī)模小，人口素質(zhì)低，人均預(yù)期壽命短。1949年新中國成立后，新疆人口特別是少數(shù)民族人口數(shù)量快速增長，人口素質(zhì)不斷提升，人均預(yù)期壽命大幅提高。今日新疆，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會全面發(fā)展，社會大局持續(xù)穩(wěn)定，各族人民安居樂業(yè)，人口發(fā)展均衡健康。
Work to remedy the backward economic and social situation in Xinjiang began immediately after the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. The population of Xinjiang, particularly that of its ethnic minorities, has grown fast in both size and quality, and life expectancy has seen a substantial increase. Today, the region enjoys rapid growth in all areas and a stable and secure society. The ethnic groups there live in peace and contentment, and its population is experiencing healthy and balanced development.

一、新疆人口發(fā)展的歷史
I. Population Growth in Xinjiang

新中國成立前，新疆生產(chǎn)力水平低下，生產(chǎn)方式落后，各族人民深受外國侵略勢力、封建剝削階級和宗教特權(quán)階層的壓迫，生活極端困苦，生命毫無保障，人口增長緩慢。據(jù)考證，從公元前60年到公元18世紀(jì)中期的1800多年間，新疆地區(qū)人口一直沒有突破100萬。受戰(zhàn)亂等因素影響，1762年設(shè)立伊犁將軍時(shí)，新疆人口不足30萬。1884年，新疆建省。《湘軍志》記載，1887年新疆人口183.9萬人。1949年新疆和平解放時(shí)，人口達(dá)到433.34萬人。
Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the mode of production in Xinjiang was backward and its productivity was low. Oppressed by foreign invaders, feudal exploiters, and a privileged religious hierarchy, people of all ethnic origins in the region led an extremely hard life with little security.
The population grew very slowly. Historical data show that the population in this vast region never exceeded one million during the 1,800 years from 60 BC to the mid-18th century. When the Qing government set up the post of Ili General as governor of the region in 1762, the local population was less than 300,000, mainly because of the turmoil of war. The region became a province during the Qing Dynasty in 1884. According to Records of the Xiang Army, the population in Xinjiang was 1.84 million in 1887. It had grown to 4.33 million by the time of the peaceful liberation in 1949.

新中國成立后，新疆人口發(fā)展進(jìn)入嶄新的歷史時(shí)期。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的發(fā)展、人民生活水平的提高，特別是醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生條件的改善，新疆人口死亡率快速下降，自然增長率大幅上升。在國家大力開發(fā)建設(shè)邊疆、促進(jìn)民族地區(qū)加快發(fā)展等方針政策的引領(lǐng)下，大批知識分子和青年積極響應(yīng)國家號召奔赴新疆，支援邊疆建設(shè)。在人口自然增長與人口流入雙重因素的作用下，新疆人口迅速增長。1953年第一次全國人口普查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，新疆人口達(dá)到478.36萬人；1964年第二次全國人口普查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，新疆人口總量727.01萬人，11年間，新疆人口增加248.65萬人，年均增長率3.88%。到1978年中國實(shí)行改革開放前，新疆人口總量已增加到1233.01萬人，比1949年凈增799.67萬人，年均增長率3.67%。
Xinjiang entered a new period of rapid population growth after the founding of the PRC. On the one hand, following its economic and social development, living standards and health care improved, so that the mortality rate fell rapidly and the population growth accelerated markedly. On the other, large numbers of intellectuals and young people streamed into Xinjiang from other parts of the country in response to the government’s call to support the development of border areas and areas with large ethnic minority populations. According to data from the first national census conducted in 1953, Xinjiang had a population of 4.78 million, and by the time the second national census was conducted in 1964, its population had increased to 7.27 million, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.88 percent. The number had grown to 12.33 million by the time China launched reform and opening up in 1978, an increase of 8 million compared to 1949, with a CAGR of 3.67 percent.

1978年后，新疆人口進(jìn)入穩(wěn)步增長階段。根據(jù)全國人口普查數(shù)據(jù)，1982年新疆人口總量1308.15萬人，1990年增加到1515.69萬人，凈增207.54萬人，年均增長率1.86%；2000年達(dá)到1845.95萬人，比1990年凈增330.26萬人，年均增長率1.99%。
Xinjiang’s population continued to grow steadily after 1978. According to data from national censuses, the region had 13.08 million people in 1982, then up by 2.08 million to 15.16 million in 1990 with a CAGR of 1.86 percent, and up by a further 3.3 million to 18.46 million in 2000 with a CAGR of 1.99 percent.

21世紀(jì)以來，新疆人口進(jìn)入平穩(wěn)增長階段。2010年第六次全國人口普查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，新疆人口達(dá)到2181.58萬人，比2000年增加335.63萬人，年均增長率1.68%；2020年第七次全國人口普查初步匯總數(shù)據(jù)顯示，新疆人口達(dá)到2585.23萬人，比2010年增加403.65萬人，年均增長率1.71%。2000年至2020年這一階段，新疆人口增長有所放緩，但年均增長率仍比全國平均水平高出1.15個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
The steady growth trend has continued into the 21st century. According to data from the sixth national census conducted in 2010, the population in Xinjiang was 21.82 million, an increase of 3.36 million with a CAGR of 1.68 percent over 2000. Preliminary data from the seventh national census conducted in 2020 showed that the number increased by 4.04 million to reach 25.85 million with a CAGR of 1.71 percent. From 2000 to 2020, Xinjiang’s population growth slowed down, but was still 1.15 percentage points higher than the national average in CAGR.

從少數(shù)民族人口增長看，歷次全國人口普查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，1953年，新疆少數(shù)民族人口445.15萬人，1964年增加到494.89萬人，凈增49.74萬人，年均增長率0.97%；1982年779.75萬人，與1964年相比，凈增284.86萬人，年均增長率2.56%；1990年946.15萬人，與1982年相比，凈增166.4萬人，年均增長率2.45%；2000年1096.96萬人，與1990年相比，凈增150.81萬人，年均增長率1.49%；2010年1298.59萬人，與2000年相比，凈增201.63萬人，年均增長率1.7%；2020年1493.22萬人，與2010年相比，凈增194.63萬人，年均增長率1.41%。
The national censuses show that the ethnic minority population in Xinjiang has grown rapidly over the past seven decades.