一項(xiàng)全球研究顯示，新冠疫情正在加劇全球性別不平等的現(xiàn)狀。疫情暴發(fā)后，女性的失業(yè)率、輟學(xué)率都高于男性，女性承擔(dān)的無償勞動(dòng)和遭受的性別暴力也增多了。研究人員警告稱，再不采取行動(dòng)，過去幾十年來在性別平等上取得的成就都將付之東流。

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic threatens to reverse decades of progress made towards gender equality, according to a global study that reveals women have been hit much harder socially and economically than men.

一項(xiàng)全球研究顯示，新冠疫情對(duì)女性在社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)層面帶來的打擊比對(duì)男性的打擊要沉重得多，這一影響可能會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)幾十年來在性別平等上取得的進(jìn)步。

Previously, coronavirus-related gender disparity studies have focused on the direct health impacts of the crisis. It is well known, for example, that across the globe men have experienced higher rates of Covid cases, hospitalisation and death. However, until now, few studies have examined how gender inequalities have been affected by the many indirect social and economic effects of the pandemic worldwide.

先前開展的與新冠疫情相關(guān)的性別不平等研究主要聚焦于危機(jī)對(duì)健康的直接影響。舉例而言，眾所周知，從全球來看男性的感染率、住院率和死亡率都更高。然而，迄今為止很少有研究關(guān)注疫情在世界范圍內(nèi)間接引起的眾多社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)影響對(duì)性別不平等產(chǎn)生的作用。

The research, conducted by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington and published in the Lancet, shows that women have experienced greater negative social and economic impacts than men.

華盛頓大學(xué)健康指標(biāo)與評(píng)估研究所開展的這項(xiàng)研究表明，在社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面，女性遭受的負(fù)面影響比男性更大。該研究發(fā)表在《柳葉刀》期刊上。

The greatest and most persistent gender gap was seen in employment and uncompensated labour, with 26% of women reporting loss of work compared with 20% of men globally in September 2021. Women and girls were also more likely to drop out of school and more likely to report an increase in gender-based violence than men and boys.

最大最持久的性別鴻溝出現(xiàn)在雇傭和無償勞動(dòng)領(lǐng)域。2021年9月在全球范圍內(nèi)有26%的女性報(bào)告稱自己失去了工作，相比之下只有20%的男性失去了工作。女性輟學(xué)及遭受性別暴力的可能性也比男性更高。

"This study provides the first comprehensive global evidence on gender disparities for a wide range of health-related, social and economic indicators throughout the pandemic,” said senior author Prof Emmanuela Gakidou. “The evidence suggests that Covid-19 has tended to exacerbate previously existing social and economic disparities.

該研究的首席作者伊曼紐爾·蓋基杜教授稱：“這項(xiàng)研究提供了第一份表明疫情期間在健康、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)等全球廣泛領(lǐng)域存在性別不平等的全面證據(jù)。證據(jù)指出，新冠疫情會(huì)惡化疫情暴發(fā)前就存在的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的性別不平等?！?/p>

"Society is at a pivotal moment where investment in the empowerment of women and girls is critically needed to ensure that progress towards gender equality does not get stalled or reversed because of the Covid-19 pandemic. We cannot let the social and economic fallouts from the pandemic continue into the post-Covid era. Action must be taken now to not only reverse the current disparities, but to further close the gaps present before the pandemic began.”

“社會(huì)正處于急需對(duì)女性賦權(quán)大力投入的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻，以確保性別平等上取得的成就不因?yàn)樾鹿谝咔槎虮荒孓D(zhuǎn)。我們不能讓疫情帶來的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)影響持續(xù)到后疫情時(shí)代?，F(xiàn)在必須采取措施，不僅要逆轉(zhuǎn)當(dāng)下的性別不平等，還要縮小疫情暴發(fā)前就存在的性別鴻溝?！?/p>

The study analysed publicly available datasets from 193 countries using surveys taken from March 2020 to September 2021 on health and wellbeing during the pandemic. In every part of the world, women experienced higher rates of employment loss than men since the start of the pandemic. By September 2021, 26% of women and 20% of men had reported losing their job during the pandemic.

該研究分析了從193個(gè)國(guó)家公開獲取的數(shù)據(jù)集，數(shù)據(jù)來自2020年3月至2021年9月針對(duì)疫情期間健康和幸福狀況開展的多項(xiàng)調(diào)查。分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，自從疫情暴發(fā)以來，在世界的每一個(gè)地區(qū)，女性的失業(yè)率都高于男性。截至2021年9月，分別有26%的女性和20%的男性報(bào)告稱自己在疫情期間失去了工作。

"Economic impacts have affected women more than men in some countries because they tend to be employed disproportionately in sectors harder-hit by Covid-19, such as the hospitality industry or as domestic workers,” said Dr Luisa Flor, the study’s co-lead author. “Moreover, gendered social norms in many countries attribute household and childcare responsibilities preferentially to women and reduce their time and ability to engage in paid labour.”

該研究的另一位首席作者路易莎·弗洛爾博士表示：“在某些國(guó)家，女性受到的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響比男性更大是因?yàn)檫@些大量雇傭女性的行業(yè)受新冠疫情的打擊更大，比如酒店業(yè)或家政服務(wù)業(yè)。另外，許多國(guó)家的社會(huì)分工傳統(tǒng)觀念都認(rèn)為女性應(yīng)該承擔(dān)更多家務(wù)和育兒責(zé)任，從而降低了女性從事有償勞動(dòng)的時(shí)間和能力?！?/p>

Women were more likely than men to report forgoing paid employment to care for others, with the gender gap widening over time. In March 2020, the ratio for women to men was 1.8 but by September 2021 it had increased to almost 2.4. More than half of respondents reported an increase in unpaid labour such as domestic work and caring for others during the pandemic, with women significantly more likely to report such increases everywhere except north Africa and the Middle East.

相比男性，女性更可能放棄有償工作來照顧家人，長(zhǎng)此以往性別鴻溝也就越來越大。2020年3月，這一行為的男女比例為1比1.8，而到了2021年9月，這一行為的比例擴(kuò)大到了1比2.4。超半數(shù)受訪者稱，疫情期間做家務(wù)和照料家人等無償勞動(dòng)量增多，其中報(bào)告這一情況的女性在世界各地都明顯多于男性，北非和中東地區(qū)除外。

Globally, women and girls were more likely to drop out of education than men and boys. The largest gender gaps were seen in central Europe, eastern Europe and central Asia where four times more women than men dropped out of education. Overall, 54% of women and 44% of men said they perceived that gender-based violence had increased in their community during the pandemic.

從全球來看，女性比男性更可能輟學(xué)。在這方面中歐、東歐和中亞的性別鴻溝最大，輟學(xué)的女性比男性多四倍?？傮w上，有54%的女性和44%的男性表示自己察覺到疫情期間所在社區(qū)的性別暴力增加了。

"The further we progress in this pandemic the more we feel that the inequities being exacerbated are only going to worsen, and that any pre-pandemic progress towards gender equality will be reversed,” said Rosemary Morgan of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, which was not involved in the study. “Hopefully this data will reenforce the need for decision-makers to act before it is too late.”

沒有參與這項(xiàng)研究的約翰斯·霍普金斯大學(xué)布隆伯格公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院的羅斯瑪麗·摩根指出：“我們?cè)谝咔槠陂g的研究越深入，就越感覺到性別不平等加劇的狀況在未來只會(huì)更糟，疫情暴發(fā)前在性別平等方面取得的任何進(jìn)步都可能被逆轉(zhuǎn)。希望這一數(shù)據(jù)能讓決策者意識(shí)到有必要趁早采取行動(dòng)。”

英文來源：衛(wèi)報(bào)

翻譯&編輯：丹妮