近日印度西北部和巴基斯坦遭遇了罕見的超級熱浪天氣，氣溫逼近50攝氏度，學(xué)校被迫停課，居民只能待在室內(nèi)或到河里游泳降溫，還面臨嚴(yán)重的水電短缺。英國氣象局的新研究指出，這種異常高溫是由氣候變化引起的，而且未來天氣還會更熱，超級熱浪的發(fā)生率將增加百倍。

Climate change makes record-breaking heatwaves in northwest India and Pakistan 100 times more likely, a Met Office study finds.

英國氣象局的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，氣候變化導(dǎo)致印度西北部和巴基斯坦的破紀(jì)錄高溫天氣的發(fā)生頻率增加了100倍。

The region should now expect a heatwave that exceeds the record temperatures seen in 2010 once every three years.

這一地區(qū)以后每三年將會出現(xiàn)一次突破2010年高溫紀(jì)錄的熱浪天氣。

Without climate change, such extreme temperatures would occur only once every 312 years, the Met Office says.

英國氣象局指出，如果沒有氣候變化，這種極端氣溫每312年才會出現(xiàn)一次。

Forecasters say temperatures in north-west India could reach new highs in the coming days.

氣象局稱，印度西北部的氣溫將在未來幾天再創(chuàng)新高。

The new analysis comes as a State of the Climate report from the World Meteorological Organisation, the UN's atmospheric science arm, warns that four key indicators of climate change set new records in 2021 - greenhouse gas concentrations, sea level rise, ocean heat and ocean acidification.

在這一新分析報告發(fā)布之際，世界氣象組織的《氣候狀況報告》警告稱，2021年四項關(guān)鍵氣候變化指標(biāo)——溫室氣體濃度、海平面上升、海洋熱量和海洋酸化——均創(chuàng)新紀(jì)錄。世界氣象組織是聯(lián)合國有關(guān)氣象的科學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)。

The UN Secretary General, Antonio Guterres described the report as "a dismal litany of humanity's failure to tackle climate disruption."

聯(lián)合國秘書長安東尼奧·古特雷斯將《氣候狀況報告》描述為“關(guān)于人類無力解決氣候異常局面的冗長而慘淡的陳述”。

The extreme pre-monsoon heatwave the region northwest India and Pakistan have suffered in recent weeks eased a little after peak temperatures reached 51C in Pakistan on Saturday.

近幾周印度西北部和巴基斯坦地區(qū)遭遇的雨季前極端熱浪天氣在上周六（5月14日）巴基斯坦達(dá)到51攝氏度的最高溫后稍有緩解。

But the heat looks likely to build again towards the end of this week and into the weekend, the Met Office warns.

英國氣象局警告稱，但是本周末熱浪很可能將再次襲來。

It says maximum temperatures are likely to reach 50C in some spots, with continued very high overnight temperatures.

英國氣象局預(yù)測，局部地區(qū)最高溫可能將達(dá)到50攝氏度，這種極高溫度將持續(xù)到夜間。

"Spells of heat have always been a feature of the region's pre-monsoon climate during April and May," says Dr Nikos Christidis, who led the team responsible for the study.

該研究團(tuán)隊的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人尼科斯·克里斯蒂德斯博士指出：“熱浪陣陣一直是該地區(qū)在四五月份期間的雨季前氣候特征?！?/p>

"However, our study shows that climate change is driving the heat intensity of these spells making record-breaking temperatures 100 times more likely."

“但是，我們的研究顯示，氣候變化導(dǎo)致這些熱浪天氣的最高溫打破記錄的可能性增加了100倍?！?/p>

The new study is based on the heatwave that gripped northwest India and Pakistan in April and May 2010 when the region experienced the highest combined April and May average temperature since 1900.

這項新研究基于2010年印度西北部和巴基斯坦遭遇的熱浪天氣的數(shù)據(jù)，當(dāng)時該地區(qū)的四五月平均氣溫創(chuàng)下了1900年以來的最高紀(jì)錄。

It attempts to estimate the extent to which climate change made that and future events more likely.

該研究試圖估算出氣候變化是否讓這種高溫天氣更頻繁地出現(xiàn)。

The Met Office managed to assess the impact of future climate change and warns that worse is to come.

英國氣象局估算出了未來氣候變化對高溫天氣的影響，并警告稱未來天氣還會更熱。

If climate change follows the Met Office's predictions, by the end of the century India and Pakistan can expect similarly high temperatures virtually every year, the study suggests.

研究顯示，如果氣候變化的走向如英國氣象局的預(yù)測所示，到本世紀(jì)末印度和巴基斯坦幾乎每年都會出現(xiàn)類似的高溫天氣。

英文來源：BBC

翻譯&編輯：丹妮