中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席、中央全面深化改革委員會主任習近平7月11日下午主持召開中央全面深化改革委員會第二次會議，審議通過了《關于建設更高水平開放型經(jīng)濟新體制促進構建新發(fā)展格局的意見》、《深化農(nóng)村改革實施方案》、《關于推動能耗雙控逐步轉向碳排放雙控的意見》、《關于高等學校、科研院所薪酬制度改革試點的意見》、《關于進一步深化石油天然氣市場體系改革提升國家油氣安全保障能力的實施意見》、《關于深化電力體制改革加快構建新型電力系統(tǒng)的指導意見》。

習近平在主持會議時強調，建設更高水平開放型經(jīng)濟新體制是我們主動作為以開放促改革、促發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略舉措，要圍繞服務構建新發(fā)展格局，以制度型開放為重點，聚焦投資、貿(mào)易、金融、創(chuàng)新等對外交流合作的重點領域深化體制機制改革，完善配套政策措施，積極主動把我國對外開放提高到新水平。要錨定實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化、建設農(nóng)業(yè)強國的戰(zhàn)略目標，以處理好農(nóng)民和土地關系為主線，加快補齊農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展短板，為全面建設社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家打下堅實基礎。要立足我國生態(tài)文明建設已進入以降碳為重點戰(zhàn)略方向的關鍵時期，完善能源消耗總量和強度調控，逐步轉向碳排放總量和強度雙控制度。要把推動高校教師、科研人員薪酬分配制度改革作為統(tǒng)籌推進教育、科技、人才事業(yè)發(fā)展的重要抓手，逐步建立激發(fā)創(chuàng)新活力、知識價值導向、管理規(guī)范有效、保障激勵兼顧的薪酬制度，進一步激發(fā)高等學校、科研院所創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)造活力。要圍繞提升國家油氣安全保障能力的目標，針對油氣體制存在的突出問題，積極穩(wěn)妥推進油氣行業(yè)上、中、下游體制機制改革，確保穩(wěn)定可靠供應。要深化電力體制改革，加快構建清潔低碳、安全充裕、經(jīng)濟高效、供需協(xié)同、靈活智能的新型電力系統(tǒng)，更好推動能源生產(chǎn)和消費革命，保障國家能源安全。

中共中央政治局常委、中央全面深化改革委員會副主任李強、王滬寧、蔡奇出席會議。

會議指出，當前，我國發(fā)展面臨復雜嚴峻的國際形勢。要完善開放型經(jīng)濟新體制的頂層設計，深化貿(mào)易投資領域體制機制改革，擴大市場準入，全面優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境，完善服務保障體系，充分發(fā)揮我國綜合優(yōu)勢，以國內大循環(huán)吸引全球資源要素，提升貿(mào)易投資合作質量和水平。要堅持底線思維、極限思維，抓緊健全國家安全保障體制機制，著力提升開放監(jiān)管能力和水平。要把構建更高水平開放型經(jīng)濟新體制同高質量共建“一帶一路”等國家戰(zhàn)略緊密銜接起來，積極參與全球治理體系改革和建設。

會議強調，貫徹落實黨的二十大對深化農(nóng)村改革的部署，要著力鞏固和完善農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營制度，健全糧食安全保障制度，完善全面推進鄉(xiāng)村振興體制機制，健全城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展政策體系，加快推動重要領域和關鍵環(huán)節(jié)改革攻堅突破、落地見效，讓廣大農(nóng)民在改革中有更多獲得感。要把頂層設計同基層探索有機結合起來，允許和鼓勵不同地區(qū)因地制宜探索，善于發(fā)現(xiàn)和總結基層的實踐創(chuàng)造，對探索創(chuàng)新中遇到困難的要及時給予支持。

會議指出，黨的十八大以來，我們把綠色低碳和節(jié)能減排擺在突出位置，建立并實施能源消耗總量和強度雙控制度，有力促進我國能源利用效率大幅提升和二氧化碳排放強度持續(xù)下降。從能耗雙控逐步轉向碳排放雙控，要堅持先立后破，完善能耗雙控制度，優(yōu)化完善調控方式，加強碳排放雙控基礎能力建設，健全碳排放雙控各項配套制度，為建立和實施碳排放雙控制度積極創(chuàng)造條件。要一以貫之堅持節(jié)約優(yōu)先方針，更高水平、更高質量地做好節(jié)能工作，用最小成本實現(xiàn)最大收益。要把穩(wěn)工作節(jié)奏，統(tǒng)籌好發(fā)展和減排關系，實事求是、量力而行，科學調整優(yōu)化政策舉措。

會議強調，開展高等學校、科研院所薪酬制度改革試點，要根據(jù)薪酬管理需要和實際，優(yōu)化和規(guī)范分配制度，樹立正確分配導向，堅持人才為本，突出創(chuàng)新優(yōu)先，堅持薪酬分配要同績效緊密掛鉤，向扎根教學科研一線、承擔急難險重任務、作出突出貢獻的人員傾斜，向從事基礎學科教學和基礎前沿研究、承擔國家關鍵核心技術攻關任務、取得重大創(chuàng)新成果的人員傾斜。要加強薪酬管理監(jiān)督，確保把國家的錢用在人才激勵和事業(yè)發(fā)展最需要的地方。

會議指出，要進一步深化石油天然氣市場體系改革，加強產(chǎn)供儲銷體系建設。要加大市場監(jiān)管力度，強化分領域監(jiān)管和跨領域協(xié)同監(jiān)管，規(guī)范油氣市場秩序，促進公平競爭。要深化油氣儲備體制改革，發(fā)揮好儲備的應急和調節(jié)能力。

會議強調，要科學合理設計新型電力系統(tǒng)建設路徑，在新能源安全可靠替代的基礎上，有計劃分步驟逐步降低傳統(tǒng)能源比重。要健全適應新型電力系統(tǒng)的體制機制，推動加強電力技術創(chuàng)新、市場機制創(chuàng)新、商業(yè)模式創(chuàng)新。要推動有效市場同有為政府更好結合，不斷完善政策體系，做好電力基本公共服務供給。

中央全面深化改革委員會委員出席會議，中央和國家機關有關部門負責同志列席會議。

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Xi stresses establishing new systems for higher-level open economy

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Chinese President Xi Jinping on Tuesday presided over the second meeting of the Central Commission for Comprehensively Deepening Reform (CCCDR). A series of documents were examined and approved at the meeting. They include Opinions on Establishing New Systems for a Higher-level Open Economy to Build a New Development Paradigm, Implementation Plans on Deepening Rural Reform, Opinions on Promoting the Gradual Transition from Control of Total Amount and Intensity of Energy Consumption to Control of Total Amount and Intensity of Carbon Emissions, Opinions on Pilot Reform of Remuneration System in Higher Education Institutions and Research Institutes, Opinions on Deepening Reform of the Oil and Gas Market System and Strengthening the Capacity for National Oil and Gas Security, and Guiding Opinions on Deepening Power System Reform and Accelerating the Building of a New Power Industry.

Xi, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, chairman of the Central Military Commission, and director of the CCCDR, stressed that establishing new systems for a higher-level open economy is a strategic measure to promote reform and development through opening up. Centering around fostering a new development pattern, institutional opening up should be the focus when it comes to further reform of systems and mechanisms in such key areas for international exchange and opening up as investment, trade, finance, and innovation, so as to improve supporting policies and measures, and proactively elevate the country's opening up to a higher level. With the strategic goal of realizing agricultural and rural modernization as well as building strong agriculture as the linchpin, the country should well manage the relationship between farmers and land, and speed up efforts to bolster the weak links in agricultural and rural development to lay a solid foundation for comprehensively building a modern socialist country. Since the country's building of an ecological civilization has entered a critical period with carbon reduction as a key strategic task, it is imperative to improve the control of total energy consumption and intensity, so as to gradually shift to a system for controlling both the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions. It is important to advance the reform of remuneration system for university teachers and research personnel as a pivot for boosting the development of education, science and technology, and talent. Such reformed remuneration system should invigorate innovation, orient education to knowledge value, feature standardized and effective management, and give equal weight to basics and incentives, so as to further spur the innovativeness and creativity of higher education institutions as well as research institutes. It is essential to focus on boosting the capacity to ensure oil and gas security and target prominent problems when promoting the reform of the upstream, midstream and downstream systems and mechanisms in the oil and gas industry, in a bid to ensure a stable and safe oil and gas supply. Besides, it is imperative to deepen electric power system reform by accelerating the building of a power industry that is clean, low-carbon, safe and providing abundant supply, economical and efficient, well-coordinated between supply and demand, and flexible and intelligent, so as to better promote the revolution in China's energy production and consumption, ensuring national energy security.

Li Qiang, Wang Huning and Cai Qi, members of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau and deputy directors of the CCCDR, attended the meeting.

It was pointed out at the meeting that China's development is facing a complex and severe international situation. We should improve the top-level design of new systems for an open economy, deepen the reform of the system and mechanism in the field of trade and investment, expand market access, comprehensively optimize the business environment, improve the service guarantee system, give full play to China's comprehensive strengths, and attract global resources with the flow of domestic economy, so as to improve the quality and level of trade and investment cooperation. We must be prepared to deal with worst-case and extreme-case scenarios to promptly improve national security systems and mechanisms, and strive to promote the capacity and level of supervision and management over and of opening up. It is imperative to dovetail the building of new systems for a higher-level open economy with national strategies such as high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, actively participating in the reform and development of the global governance system.

It was emphasized at the meeting that to implement the arrangements of the 20th CPC National Congress for deepening rural reform, work must be done to consolidate and improve the basic system for rural operations, optimize the food security system, refine the system for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, better the policies for integrated urban-rural development, and accelerate reform in important areas and key links for breakthroughs and effective results, letting the farmers have a stronger sense of fulfillment in the reform. It is necessary to combine top-level policy design with grassroots exploration, and allow and encourage different regions to explore according to local conditions. We should grow adept at discovering and summarizing grassroots practice and innovation, and give timely support to those having difficulties in exploration and innovation.

It was noted at the meeting that since the 18th CPC National Congress, we have given high priority to green and low-carbon development, energy conservation and emissions reduction, and established and implemented the system for controlling both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption. As a result, our country's energy consumption efficiency has greatly increased while the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions has considerably decreased. To transit from controlling the total amount and intensity of energy consumption to controlling those of carbon emissions, it's imperative to stick to the principle of building the new before discarding the old, refine the system for controlling the intensity and total amount of energy consumption, optimize and improve the methods of doing so, strengthen the basic capacity of controlling the intensity and total amount of carbon emissions, and improve all the relevant mechanisms in this regard, so as to create favorable conditions for establishing and implementing the system for controlling both the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions. We must remain committed to prioritizing resource conservation and do a good job in this regard at a higher level with higher quality, so as to get maximum returns at minimum cost. It is imperative to do our work in a stable manner, coordinate the relationship between development and emissions reduction, be realistic, do everything within our capacity and soundly adjust and improve the policies and measures.

It was stressed at the meeting that the pilot reform of remuneration system should be launched in higher education institutions and research institutes with the aim to improve and regulate the distribution system according to the need and reality of salary management. The income distribution policy should be talent-oriented, performance-based with the focus on innovation. Salary distribution should be favorable to the teachers and researchers who have made a significant contribution to urgent and arduous tasks, to the personnel who are engaged in teaching and research of basic disciplines and those who have made great breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. Efforts should also be made to strengthen the supervision over salary management, so as to ensure that the national fund will be channeled to motivating the talented people and to the development of undertakings in need.

It was noted at the meeting that further efforts should be made to deepen the reform of oil and gas market system and strengthen the systems for energy production, supply, storage, and marketing. It is important to intensify market supervision and regulation, strengthen subsector and cross-sector oversight. It is imperative to standardize the oil and gas market in order to promote fair competition. It is essential to further the reform of the oil and gas reserve system so that it can play a better role in dealing with emergencies and necessary adjustment.

It was stressed at the meeting that we should build a new electric power industry in a professional and science-based manner, gradually reduce the proportion of traditional energy resources in the overall energy mix in a well-planned and phased way when new energy is safe and reliable as an alternative. It is imperative to improve the systems and mechanisms which can adapt to the new electric power industry and strengthen innovation in power technologies, market mechanisms, and business models. It is essential to promote better links between an efficient market and a well-functioning government, and continue to improve policies in order to secure the supply of basic public power services.

Members of the CCCDR were present. Leading officials of relevant central Party and government departments sat in on the meeting.