研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，置身大自然會(huì)讓你感覺(jué)時(shí)間過(guò)得更慢，有助于將你的注意力從眼前轉(zhuǎn)移到未來(lái)的需求上。你將能夠延遲即時(shí)滿足感，轉(zhuǎn)而追求長(zhǎng)期回報(bào)，而不是永遠(yuǎn)生活在“只求過(guò)得去”的狀態(tài)中。

Do you ever get that feeling that there aren't enough hours in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you, and it is impossible to fit everything in. But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed.

你是否有過(guò)這樣的感覺(jué)：一天的時(shí)間不夠用？時(shí)間不知不覺(jué)地從你身邊溜走，不可能把所有事情都安排好。但是，當(dāng)你走到郊外，突然間一切都變得緩慢、輕松起來(lái)，就好像時(shí)間發(fā)生了某種變化。

It's not just you – recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time.

不僅僅是你，最近的研究表明，大自然可以調(diào)節(jié)我們的時(shí)間感。

For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don't have enough time. Time poverty has also been exacerbated by digital technologies. Permanent connectivity extends working hours and can make it difficult to switch off from the demands of friends and family.

對(duì)我們?cè)S多人來(lái)說(shuō)，工作、家庭和家人的綜合需求意味著我們總是感覺(jué)時(shí)間不夠用。數(shù)字技術(shù)也加劇了時(shí)間貧乏。永久連接延長(zhǎng)了工作時(shí)間，也使我們難以擺脫朋友和家人的要求。

Recent research suggests that the antidote to our lack of time may lie in the natural world. Psychologist Richardo Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time and, perhaps, even give us the sense of time abundance.

最新研究表明，解決我們時(shí)間匱乏問(wèn)題的良方可能在于自然世界。芬蘭圖爾庫(kù)大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家理查多·科雷亞發(fā)現(xiàn)，身處在大自然中可能會(huì)改變我們對(duì)時(shí)間的體驗(yàn)方式，甚至可能讓我們感覺(jué)到時(shí)間的充裕。

Correia examined research which compared people's experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in urban and natural environments. These studies consistently showed that people report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment.

科雷亞查閱了比較人們?cè)诔鞘泻妥匀画h(huán)境中執(zhí)行不同類型任務(wù)時(shí)對(duì)時(shí)間體驗(yàn)的研究。這些研究一致表明，與在城市環(huán)境中相比，人們?cè)诖笞匀恢袝?huì)有時(shí)間更充裕的感覺(jué)。

For example, people are more likely to perceive a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Similarly, people report perceiving time as passing more slowly while performing tasks in natural green environments than in urban environments. Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time.

例如，與在城市中散步相比，人們更傾向于認(rèn)為在郊外散步的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)。同樣，與城市環(huán)境相比，人們?cè)诰G色自然環(huán)境中執(zhí)行任務(wù)時(shí)會(huì)覺(jué)得時(shí)間過(guò)得更慢。大自然似乎減緩并擴(kuò)展了我們的時(shí)間感。

It's not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be altered by the natural world, it's also our sense of the past and future. Previous research shows that spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs. So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture.

自然世界似乎不僅改變了我們當(dāng)下的時(shí)間感，還改變了我們對(duì)過(guò)去和未來(lái)的時(shí)間感。先前的研究表明，在大自然中度過(guò)的時(shí)間有助于將我們的注意力從眼前轉(zhuǎn)移到未來(lái)的需求上。因此，大自然會(huì)幫助我們看到更廣闊的前景，而不是專注于時(shí)間要求帶給我們的壓力。

This can help us to prioritise our actions so that we meet our long-term goals rather than living in a perpetual state of "just about keeping our head above water".

這可以幫助我們確定行動(dòng)的輕重緩急，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)，而不是永遠(yuǎn)生活在“只求過(guò)得去”的狀態(tài)中。

This is in part because spending time in nature appears to make us less impulsive, enabling us to delay instant gratification in favour of long-term rewards.

這在一定程度上是因?yàn)樵诖笞匀恢卸冗^(guò)的時(shí)間似乎會(huì)讓我們不那么沖動(dòng)，使我們能夠延遲即時(shí)滿足感，轉(zhuǎn)而追求長(zhǎng)期回報(bào)。

Why does nature affect our sense of time?

為什么大自然會(huì)影響我們的時(shí)間觀念？

Spending time in nature is known to have many benefits for health and wellbeing. Having access to natural spaces such as beaches, parks and woodlands is associated with reduced anxiety and depression, improved sleep, reduced levels of obesity and cardiovascular disease, and improved wellbeing.

眾所周知，在大自然中度過(guò)時(shí)光對(duì)健康和幸福有很多好處。擁有海灘、公園和林地等自然空間與減少焦慮和抑郁、改善睡眠、降低肥胖和心血管疾病水平以及提高幸福感有關(guān)。

Some of these benefits may explain why being in nature alters our experience of time.

其中一些好處或許可以解釋為什么身處大自然中會(huì)改變我們對(duì)時(shí)間的體驗(yàn)。

The way we experience time is shaped by our internal biological state and the events going on in the world around us. As a result, emotions such as stress, anxiety and fear can distort our sense of the passage of time.

我們體驗(yàn)時(shí)間的方式是由我們的內(nèi)在生理狀態(tài)和周圍世界發(fā)生的事件決定的。因此，壓力、焦慮和恐懼等情緒會(huì)扭曲我們對(duì)時(shí)間流逝的感知。

The relaxing effect of natural environments may counter stress and anxiety, resulting in a more stable experience of time. Indeed, the absence of access to nature during COVID-19 may help to explain why people's sense of time became so distorted during the pandemic lockdowns.

自然環(huán)境的放松效果可以抵消壓力和焦慮，使我們對(duì)時(shí)間的體驗(yàn)更加穩(wěn)定。事實(shí)上，在新冠疫情期間無(wú)法接觸大自然可能有助于解釋為什么在大流行病封鎖期間人們的時(shí)間感會(huì)變得如此扭曲。

In the short term, being away from the demands of modern day life may provide the respite needed to re-prioritise life, and reduce time pressure by focusing on what actually needs to be done. In the longer term, time in nature may help to enhance our memory and attention capacity, making us better able to deal with the demands on our time.

從短期來(lái)看，遠(yuǎn)離現(xiàn)代生活的需求可以讓我們得到喘息的機(jī)會(huì)，從而重新確定生活的優(yōu)先次序，并通過(guò)專注于真正需要做的事情來(lái)減輕時(shí)間壓力。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，在大自然中度過(guò)的時(shí)間可能有助于增強(qiáng)我們的記憶力和注意力，使我們能夠更好地處理對(duì)時(shí)間的需求。

Accessing nature

親近大自然

Getting out into nature may sound like a simple fix, but for many people, particularly those living in urban areas, nature can be hard to access. Green infrastructure such as trees, woodlands, parks and allotments in and around towns and cities are essential to making sure the benefits of time in nature are accessible to everyone.

到大自然中去聽(tīng)起來(lái)似乎很簡(jiǎn)單，但對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，尤其是生活在城市地區(qū)的人，可能很難接觸到大自然。要確保每個(gè)人都能享受到大自然帶來(lái)的益處，城鎮(zhèn)及周邊地區(qū)的樹(shù)木、林地、公園和種植園等綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是必不可少的。

If spending time in nature isn't possible for you, there are other ways that you can regain control of your time. Start by closely examining how you use time throughout your week. Auditing your time can help you see where time is being wasted and to identify action to help you to free up more time in your life.

如果您無(wú)法在大自然中度過(guò)美好時(shí)光，您還可以通過(guò)其他方式重新掌控自己的時(shí)間。首先，仔細(xì)檢查自己一周中如何利用時(shí)間。審核時(shí)間可以幫助您發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在哪里，并確定行動(dòng)，幫助您在生活中騰出更多時(shí)間。

Alternatively, try to set yourself some boundaries in how you use time. This could be limiting when you access emails and social media, or it could be booking in time in your calendar to take a break. Taking control of your time and how you use it can help to you overcome the sense that time is running away from you.

或者，在如何使用時(shí)間方面為自己設(shè)定一些界限。這可以是限制您訪問(wèn)電子郵件和社交媒體的時(shí)間，也可以是在您的日歷中預(yù)定休息時(shí)間?？刂坪米约旱臅r(shí)間和使用方式，有助于克服 “時(shí)間正在離你遠(yuǎn)去”的感覺(jué)。

來(lái)源：The Conversation、Science Alert、煎蛋網(wǎng)

編輯：丹妮

審校：董靜、齊磊