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An undated file photo shows wind power generators. Development of alternative energy should create more than 20 million jobs around the world in coming decades as governments adopt policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, according to a UN report released Wednesday.
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Development of alternative energy should create more than 20 million jobs around the world in coming decades as governments adopt policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, according to a UN report released Wednesday.
Some 2.3 million people already work in green energy jobs with half of them in biofuels, said the report "Green Jobs: Towards Decent Work in a Sustainable, Low-Carbon World," commissioned and funded by the UN's Environment Program.
Creation of the jobs will depend on countries implementing and broadening policies, including capping emissions of greenhouse gases and shifting of subsidies from old energy forms to new ones, in the effort to slow global warming, it said.
The report was written before the US credit crisis reshaped Wall Street and reverberated around the world, which could slow many sectors, including alternative energy.
It said some 12 million new jobs could be created by 2030 in biofuels-related agriculture and industry.
Biofuel critics say current US ethanol, which is mostly made from corn, does little to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. But companies are racing to make cleaner, next-generation ethanol from sources including crop waste and rapidly growing non-food crops like and poplar trees.
The report said many jobs in the biofuels industry are unfair to workers. "Much of the employment on sugarcane and palm oil plantations in countries like Brazil, Colombia, Malaysia and Indonesia is marked by poor pay and dangerous working conditions," it said.
"There is also concern that large-scale biofuels production might drive large numbers of people off their land in future years," it said.
Manufacturing, installing, and maintaining solar panels should add 6.3 million jobs by 2030 while wind power should add more than 2 million jobs. Even more jobs could be created in the building, recycling, clean vehicle manufacturing sectors, the report said.
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(Agencies)
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本周三發(fā)布的一份聯(lián)合國(guó)報(bào)告稱,隨著各國(guó)政府推行減少溫室氣體排放的政策,可替代能源技術(shù)的發(fā)展在未來(lái)幾十年內(nèi)將為世界各地創(chuàng)造2000多萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。
該報(bào)告題為:綠色工作:向低碳、可持續(xù)世界的美好職業(yè)進(jìn)軍。報(bào)告中說(shuō),目前全世界已有約230萬(wàn)人從事與綠色能源有關(guān)的工作,其中有一半的人在生物能源領(lǐng)域。該報(bào)告是受聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署的委托和資助編撰的。
報(bào)告稱,未來(lái)新職業(yè)的創(chuàng)造主要取決于各國(guó)如何有效地實(shí)施以及擴(kuò)展應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的各項(xiàng)政策,其中包括減少溫室氣體排放以及把對(duì)傳統(tǒng)能源領(lǐng)域的補(bǔ)貼用于開(kāi)發(fā)新能源等。
該報(bào)告編撰于美國(guó)華爾街信貸危機(jī)爆發(fā)前,這場(chǎng)危機(jī)的影響波及全球,而且還可能會(huì)減慢包括可替代能源在內(nèi)的很多領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。
報(bào)告稱,到2030年,與生物能源有關(guān)的農(nóng)業(yè)和其它行業(yè)預(yù)計(jì)將新增約1200萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。
生物能源批評(píng)人士指出,目前美國(guó)以玉米為原料生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的乙醇并沒(méi)有對(duì)溫室氣體減排做出多大貢獻(xiàn)。不過(guò)現(xiàn)在有很多生產(chǎn)商正試圖用作物廢料和生長(zhǎng)速度很快的軟莖黍、楊樹(shù)等非食用作物來(lái)制造更為清潔的新一代乙醇燃料。
該報(bào)告還指出,生物能源領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生的很多就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)并沒(méi)有給工人很好的保障?!氨热?,在巴西、哥倫比亞、馬來(lái)西亞和印度尼西亞等國(guó)家的甘蔗和棕櫚油種植園,那里的工人不僅工資低,而且工作環(huán)境也很危險(xiǎn)?!?/font>
報(bào)告稱,“也有一種擔(dān)憂認(rèn)為,未來(lái)生物燃料的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)可能會(huì)讓很多人失去家園?!?/font>
到2030年,太陽(yáng)能板的制造、安裝和維修領(lǐng)域預(yù)計(jì)能增加630萬(wàn)崗位,風(fēng)能領(lǐng)域則能新增200萬(wàn)個(gè)崗位。此外,建筑、再利用和清潔交通工具制造領(lǐng)域也能創(chuàng)造一些新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。
(英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津姍姍編輯)
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