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米歇爾來(lái)華不談?wù)?
Michelle Obama tries to take the politics out of US-China relations with family trip

[ 2014-03-18 13:30] 來(lái)源:中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)     字號(hào) [] [] []  
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米歇爾來(lái)華不談?wù)? style=

查看原文

When Michelle Obama declined to attend a crucial "shirtsleeves" summit between her husband and the newly promoted president of China last June, it was widely seen in Beijing as a stinging political snub.

The meeting was to be an unprecedented pairing of first ladies; Xi Jinping's wife, an elegant People's Liberation Army singer, has enough star power inside China to match her American counterpart.

Nearly nine months later, however, the Chinese public will this week finally get the chance to see the two women together when Mrs Obama takes her two daughters, Malia and Sasha, on a six-day half-term break to China that will be part family getaway, part international soft-power diplomacy.

In her role as first lady, Mrs Obama has always confined herself to ultra-safe areas like winning jobs for veterans, promoting education and espousing healthy eating for children, but she finds herself walking a political tightrope by visiting China.

The trip, which opens in Beijing on Wednesday will include that belated meeting with Mrs Peng, several official visits to schools and universities to highlight the value of US-China educational exchanges, as well as sightseeing trips to the northern city of Xi'an to see the famed terracotta warriors, and to the southern city of Chengdu for an obligatory encounter with a giant panda.

Malia, 13, and Sasha, 9, have been largely screened from public view since their father won the White House, but they will be under the spotlight.

Sasha is known to have studied Mandarin at school, famously testing out her skills as a nine-year-old on the former Chinese President Hu Jintao at a 2011 state dinner, whom she greeted with a 'Ni hao'. China will very likely want to hear if her skills have improved.

However the trip is already raising questions at home over whether Mrs Obama can really carry her assiduously non-political style into an arena as politically charged as US-China relations.

Categorised as an "official visit" on the White House website, Mrs Obama's East Wing staff are at pains to present it as a trip just like any other she has undertaken to Mexico, India or South Africa, inviting schoolchildren across America to email questions which Mrs Obama will answer in a daily blog.

"During my trip, I'll be visiting a university and two high schools in Beijing and Chengdu (which are two of China's largest cities)," she wrote, "I'll be talking with students about their lives in China and telling them about America and the values and traditions we hold dear."

Mrs Obama's decision to try and look past the difficult politics has drawn some unflattering comparisons with her two most recent predecessors, Laura Bush and Hillary Clinton, who both used their positions to raise the profile of universal rights.

Mrs Obama's trip takes place against the backdrop of a difficult nine months in US-China relations in which many of the hopes expressed at the California summit at Sunnylands – billed as a chance to reset relations with a new Chinese president – proved overstated.

Internationally, things have also been strained since California. It has been noted that Mr Obama will not be stopping in Beijing on his own Asia trip next month, when he will instead visit Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, and the Philippines.

Those are all nations that are warily eyeing China under Mr Xi which has become newly assertive in its lingering territorial disputes in the South and East China Seas, to the point that Washington was forced to send a pair of B-52 bombers through a hastily erected Chinese 'air defence zone' last year.

All of which, Mrs Obama will be resolutely trying to ignore as she travels around China marvelling at pandas, terracotta warriors and the scholarly prowess of – no doubt carefully selected – Chinese schoolchildren.

However, there is already no shortage of acid criticism from the Chinese public using the Internet. "That silly woman," remarked one critic. "Last time when Mr Xi and his wife went to the US, she refused to meet. Now what does she want? Just kick her out."

Others questioned the use of public money, lately a hot-button issue in China because of the current administration's insistence that Chinese officials are seen to lead frugal lives.

"How come the liberals are not criticising the first lady for holidaying on public money? She is even bringing her mother-in-law for heaven's sake!" remarked one.

Yet more saw the trip as some great geopolitical game. "She is trying to win China over to the US so that we do not side with Russia. We should fully support Russia, the Americans are not reliable. They will always want to keep us down."

And when it does comes to policy, the accent will all be on the positives, encouraging people-to-people exchanges such as the official '100,000 Strong Initiative' that aspires to send that number of American students to China – balancing the large numbers of Chinese coming in the opposite direction.

Maintaining her resolutely soft focus from the off, Mrs Obama has been doing her homework by visiting a dual language Mandarin-English charter school in Washington last week where she was warned by the children not to forget her hand sanitiser, expect "super different lavatories" and beware the chicken's feet at dinnertime.

"I have all of these wonderful policy people that help me prep," she told the children, before apparently conceding they were really surplus to requirements. "I'm going to look to you guys to be like my advisers on this trip."

查看譯文

去年六月份,米歇爾?奧巴馬無(wú)緣她丈夫和中國(guó)主席之間一次十分重要的“只穿襯衣的峰會(huì)”,那次會(huì)面本應(yīng)是中美“第一夫人”第一次會(huì)面;習(xí)近平主席的妻子是一位優(yōu)雅的人民解放軍歌唱家,與美國(guó)第一夫人相比,她在中國(guó)具有足夠的明星實(shí)力。

然而,大約九個(gè)月之后,中國(guó)大眾終于有機(jī)會(huì)在本周看到兩位第一夫人會(huì)面了。米歇爾?奧巴馬會(huì)帶著兩個(gè)女兒,瑪麗亞和薩沙,一同來(lái)華六天半,作為家庭之旅的一部分,也是軟實(shí)力外交的一部分。

第一夫人米歇爾?奧巴馬一直以來(lái)都不把自己封閉在安穩(wěn)的生活環(huán)境中,她為退伍老兵爭(zhēng)取工作,促進(jìn)教育工作發(fā)展,提倡兒童健康飲食,但是她認(rèn)為訪華就像在拉緊的政治繩索上行走。

此次訪華將于3月19日在北京開(kāi)啟,包括與彭麗媛姍姍來(lái)遲的會(huì)面,之后會(huì)有幾次對(duì)學(xué)校和高校的正式訪問(wèn),以表對(duì)中美教育交流的重視,隨后會(huì)去北方城市西安看看著名的兵馬俑,再到南方成都看看大熊貓。

瑪麗亞和薩沙自從她們的父親贏得選舉后一直盡量減少曝光于鏡頭之下,不過(guò)這次她們是焦點(diǎn)。

據(jù)說(shuō),薩沙曾在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)普通話,在2011年的國(guó)宴上,為了檢驗(yàn)她的中文水平,她用“你好”與前中國(guó)主席胡錦濤打招呼。中國(guó)也十分想看看她的普通話是否有進(jìn)步。

然而,此次訪華在國(guó)內(nèi)已經(jīng)引起了一些疑問(wèn),米歇爾?奧巴馬是否真的能在中美關(guān)系這一政治競(jìng)技場(chǎng)中履行其一直堅(jiān)持的非政治形象。

在白宮網(wǎng)站,此次訪華定義為“正式訪問(wèn)”,米歇爾?奧巴馬的東翼工作人員努力使此次訪問(wèn)與她之前前往墨西哥,印度或南非旅行的性質(zhì)相同,并在博客中邀請(qǐng)全美國(guó)的小學(xué)生發(fā)郵件說(shuō)一說(shuō)米歇爾?奧巴馬應(yīng)該問(wèn)一些什么問(wèn)題。

她寫道,“這次會(huì)去北京一所大學(xué)和兩所高中,還有成都(這兩個(gè)城市在中國(guó)都是大城市)。我會(huì)和學(xué)生們聊一聊他們?cè)谥袊?guó)的生活,講一講美國(guó),以及我們珍視的價(jià)值觀和傳統(tǒng)”。

米歇爾?奧巴馬決定不談?wù)搹?fù)雜的政治問(wèn)題,這一點(diǎn)已經(jīng)與兩位前身、勞拉?布什和希拉里?克林頓形成鮮明對(duì)比。

米歇爾?奧巴馬此次旅行在中美關(guān)系過(guò)去九個(gè)月相對(duì)困難這一背景下開(kāi)啟,而在加利福尼亞陽(yáng)光之鄉(xiāng)表達(dá)出了很多美好的愿望,這是一次新的機(jī)會(huì)與中國(guó)新一屆主席重新開(kāi)啟新的關(guān)系,以表期待。

國(guó)際方面來(lái)看,自加利福尼亞以來(lái)事情變得緊張。據(jù)說(shuō)奧巴馬總統(tǒng)不會(huì)在下個(gè)月的亞洲訪問(wèn)中在北京停腳,相反,他會(huì)去日本,韓國(guó),馬來(lái)西亞和菲律賓。

這些國(guó)家都警惕地關(guān)注著習(xí)近平主席領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的中國(guó),去年,華盛頓只能派一對(duì)B-52轟炸機(jī)前往匆忙建立起的東海防空識(shí)別區(qū)。

總的來(lái)說(shuō),米歇爾?奧巴馬決心忽視這些,而此次旅行的關(guān)注點(diǎn)在熊貓,兵馬俑和博學(xué)勇敢的中國(guó)學(xué)生身上,毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是精心選出的。

然而,中國(guó)大眾網(wǎng)絡(luò)上也不乏各種刻薄的批評(píng),一個(gè)批評(píng)說(shuō),“這是一個(gè)愚蠢的女人,上次習(xí)近平主席和夫人去美國(guó)時(shí),她拒絕見(jiàn)面?,F(xiàn)在她又想要什么啊?把她轟走”。

一些人質(zhì)疑公共花費(fèi)的問(wèn)題,因?yàn)樽罱@在中國(guó)是相當(dāng)敏感的一個(gè)話題,因?yàn)榇藢谜畧?jiān)持中國(guó)的官員應(yīng)當(dāng)過(guò)節(jié)儉的生活。

一人評(píng)論到,“為什么自由主義者們現(xiàn)在不批判第一夫人用公款來(lái)度假了?天哪,她甚至帶著她的母親啊”。

然而,更多的人認(rèn)為這次旅行是一場(chǎng)地緣政治游戲。“美國(guó)希望贏得中國(guó)的支持,這樣我們就不會(huì)站在俄國(guó)那邊。我們應(yīng)該完全支持俄國(guó),美國(guó)人不可靠。他們只想讓我們衰落”。

但是,當(dāng)談?wù)摰秸邥r(shí),所有的聲音都是積極的,鼓勵(lì)人與人之間的交流,例如正式的“十萬(wàn)強(qiáng)計(jì)劃”,致力于鼓勵(lì)這么多人數(shù)的美國(guó)學(xué)生到中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí),來(lái)平衡大量到美國(guó)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)的中國(guó)學(xué)生。

為了堅(jiān)決維持她此次出行成為軟焦點(diǎn),上周她親自前往華盛頓一所中英雙語(yǔ)學(xué)校,孩子們囑咐她別忘了洗手液,期待廁所有大的改變,并注意晚餐的雞腿衛(wèi)生。

在表示他們真的擔(dān)心過(guò)多之前,她告訴孩子們,“有很多優(yōu)秀的人都在幫我做準(zhǔn)備,我期待你們可以成為我這次旅行的指導(dǎo)者”。

(譯者 孔維一 編輯 丹妮)

 
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