招生專業(yè)：英語同聲傳譯

科目名稱：英漢互譯（考試時(shí)間3小時(shí)，滿分150分，全部寫在答題紙上，答在試題頁上無效）

一、將下列段落譯為漢語（25分）

Fifteen years ago at the Fourth World Conference on Women. Governments pledged to advance equality, development and peace for all women everywhere. The landmark Beijing Declaration has had a deep and wide-ranging impact. It has guided policymaking and inspired new national laws. It has sent a clear message to women and girls around the world that equality and opportunity are their inalienable rights. There are many examples of progress, thanks in large part to the resolute efforts of civil society organizations. A growing number of countries have legislation that supports sexual and reproductive health and promotes gender equality.

Nonetheless, much work remains. Maternal mortality remains unacceptably high, too few women have access to family planning, and violence against women remains a cause for global shame. In particular, sexual violence during conflict is endemic.

One key lesson of the past decade and a half is the importance of addressing broader discrimination and injustice. Gender stereotyping and discrimination remain common in all cultures and communities. Early and forced marriage. sexual abuse and trafficking of young women and girls are disturbingly prevalent and, in some areas, on the rise. Whether looking through the lens of poverty. or in times of disaster, we see that women still bear the greatest burden.

15年前，在第四次婦女問題世界會(huì)議上，各國政府承諾為造福世界各地所有婦女而推進(jìn)平等、發(fā)展與和平。具有劃時(shí)代意義的《北京宣言》影響深遠(yuǎn)，成為決策的指南，成為制定國家新法律的靈感所在，同時(shí)清楚地告訴世界各地的婦女和女孩：平等和機(jī)會(huì)是她們不可剝奪的權(quán)利。進(jìn)步的實(shí)例有許許多多，在很大程度上是民間社會(huì)組織堅(jiān)定努力的結(jié)果。越來越多的國家已立法支持增進(jìn)性健康和生育健康，促進(jìn)男女平等。

盡管如此．需要做的工作還很多。孕婦死亡率仍然高居不下，令人無法接受；能獲得計(jì)劃生育服務(wù)的婦女為數(shù)太少；暴力侵害婦女行為仍遍及全球，令人蒙羞。沖突期間的性暴力行為尤其普遍。

過去l5年給我們的一條重要經(jīng)驗(yàn)是：處理更廣范圍內(nèi)的歧視和不公，至關(guān)重要。性別陳規(guī)觀念和性別歧視在各文化和族群之中仍普遍存在。早婚和逼婚、性暴力及販運(yùn)年輕婦女和女孩的行為盛行不止，在某些地區(qū)甚至有增無減，令人不安。不論在貧困之中，還是在災(zāi)難之時(shí)，婦女都仍然承受最沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。

二、將下列短文譯為漢語（50分）

Central Bankers: Stop Dithering. Do Something.

Both the American economy and the global economy are facing a familiar foe: policy defeatism. Throughout modern economic history, whether in Western Europe in the 1920s. in the United States in the 1930s, or in Japan in the 1990s, every major financial crisis has been followed by premature abandonment - if not reversal - of the stimulus policies that are necessary for sustained recovery. Sadly: the world appears to be repeating this mistake.

The right thing to do right now is for the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank to engage in further monetary stimulus. Having lowered short-term interest rates, they should buy (or in the case of the Fed, resume buying) significant quantities of government securities to help push down long-term interest rates and encourage investment.

As many have observed. we need to rebalance the economy from imports to exports, from private consumption to savings, from tax breaks to infrastructure rebuilding and from the financial sector to everything else. The process of rebalancing will require movement of capital from older industries and activities to newer ones -that is, investment. Moreover, a lot of what was termed "investment" during the boom years was misallocated - wasted - capital. so many productive projects were ignored.

But investment has been held back because of uncertainty over the economy's future prospects. And the ability to attract investors is being limited by the giant burden of private-sector debt, In other words, a financing problem is inhibiting the restructuring of our economy. Alleviating generalized financing problems and low investor confidence is precisely what monetary stimulus does.

Some claim that monetary easing will impede restructuring. But this makes no sense. For all the talk that monetary austerity promotes the "creative destruction" necessary for the economy to recover. it does not work that way.

中央銀行：別再驚慌和猶豫，行動(dòng)起來

美國經(jīng)濟(jì)和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)都面臨著一個(gè)熟悉的敵人：政策的失敗。縱觀現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)史，上個(gè)世紀(jì)中，不管是二十年代的西歐，還是三十年代的美國，或是九十年代的日本，每一次主要的金融危機(jī)之后，政府都過早放棄了為了使經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)復(fù)蘇所必須的刺激政策，甚至是反其道而行之?？杀氖?，今天的世界正在重復(fù)這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該做的事情是美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)和歐洲央行采取進(jìn)一步的貨幣刺激。通過調(diào)低短期利率，他們應(yīng)該買進(jìn)（或者在美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的情況下，繼續(xù)購買）重大數(shù)量的政府債券，以幫助推低長(zhǎng)期利率，并鼓勵(lì)投資。

正如許多人觀察到的，我們需要重新平衡經(jīng)濟(jì)，從進(jìn)口到出口，從個(gè)人消費(fèi)到儲(chǔ)蓄，從稅收減免到基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施重建，從金融部門到其他一切部門。這個(gè)調(diào)整的過程需要把資本從傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)和行為中轉(zhuǎn)到新興行業(yè)—即進(jìn)行投資。而且，在經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮期我們?cè)?jīng)稱之為”投資”的諸多行為中，資本被配置不當(dāng)…被浪費(fèi)…導(dǎo)致許多有生產(chǎn)性的項(xiàng)目被忽略。

但是不管怎樣，由于現(xiàn)在對(duì)未來經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的不確定，投資己受到阻礙。而且，私營部門里存在龐大的債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)也抑制了吸引投資的能力。換句話說，資金問題阻礙了我們調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。緩解普遍性的資金問題和提高投資者的信心是貨幣刺激切實(shí)要做的事。

有些人說貨幣的寬松政策會(huì)阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)重組，但這說不通。還有許多觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，貨幣緊縮會(huì)促進(jìn)“創(chuàng)造性破壞”，從而使經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇，實(shí)際上這也行不通。

三、將下列段落譯為英語（25分）

我們要大力發(fā)展社會(huì)事業(yè)。堅(jiān)持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育，穩(wěn)步提升全民受教育程度。堅(jiān)持自主創(chuàng)新、重點(diǎn)跨越、支撐發(fā)展、引領(lǐng)未來的方針，完善科技創(chuàng)新體系和支持政策，著力推進(jìn)重大科學(xué)技術(shù)突破。研究與試驗(yàn)發(fā)展經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重達(dá)到2.2%，促進(jìn)科技成果更好地轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力。適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)需要，加強(qiáng)人才培養(yǎng)，努力造就規(guī)模宏大的高素質(zhì)人才隊(duì)伍。大力加強(qiáng)文化建設(shè)，推動(dòng)文化改革發(fā)展實(shí)現(xiàn)新跨越，滿足人民群眾不斷增長(zhǎng)的精神文化需求。

We need to make full effort to develop social undertakings. Education will remain a priority to steadily raise the level of literacy of the society as a whole. Home spun and forward looking innovation will be boosted to facilitate cutting age changes in key areas and serve further national development. The system and policies aiming at fostering innovation will be improved to pave the way for major breakthroughs in scientific and technologic discoveries. Share of R&D spending in GDP will increase to 2.2% with more effective schemes to commercialize the research outputs. Human capital development will be strengthened to form a vast supply of brain power to help achieve China's modernization program. Cultural reforms will be promoted to explore unchartered territories and meet the public's growing demand for recreational and artistic fulfillment.

四、將下列短文譯為英語（50分）

我認(rèn)識(shí)一位從中國來美國的暑期交換學(xué)生，她告訴我一件她覺得奇怪的事情。她寄宿在一個(gè)美國人的家里。這家夫婦倆都是律師，有4個(gè)從上高中到小學(xué)的男孩。那個(gè)人家房子很大，有游艇（恐怕不止一只）和私人飛機(jī)，非常富有的樣子，生活卻很簡(jiǎn)單。有一次，父母兩人出外度假，臨走前在家里的大冰箱里為留在家里的4個(gè)孩子放好一模一樣大小的4份食品，不分大小，每人一份。而且，還給他們每人分配一份工作，修整草地、洗游泳池、清理廚房、廁所等等。這4個(gè)孩子，大的食品不夠吃，小的吃不了。大的向小的要，小的就以代做自己那一份家事為條件，把吃不了的分一些給大的。

這確實(shí)是一個(gè)典型的美國家庭，說它典型，不是說它擁有的財(cái)產(chǎn)（這個(gè)家庭顯然要比許多其他美國家庭富有），而是說它的價(jià)值觀。

I know a Chinese student who came to the United States on a summer exchange program. She told me about the things she found hard to understand about the American family where she had her home stay'. The couple were both lawyers and had four children, all boys but in various stages of schooling from primary to senior high. They had a large house, a yacht and a private jet. Despite the trappings of great wealth, their lifestyle was surprisingly straightforward. For example, the parents went on vacation once. Before their departure, they left in the freezer four equal portions of food for the kids and assigned them specific house chores, mowing the lawn, scrubbing the pool and sprucing up the kitchen or the bathroom. The older boys who found their rations insufficient would have to trade with their younger siblings who could use their surplus supply as bargaining chips to reduce their share of the burden to keep the house proper and clean. I actually think this is a typical American family, but certainly not in the financial sense for its material possessions went way beyond an average household. It is typical because of the underlying social values it represents.

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（來源：北外李長(zhǎng)栓老師博客 編輯：Julie）