在荷蘭海牙核安全峰會(huì)上的講話

(2014年3月24日下午，海牙)

中華人民共和國(guó)主席 習(xí)近平

尊敬的呂特首相，

各位同事：

今天，我們共聚海牙，探討加強(qiáng)核安全對(duì)策，意義十分重大。首先，我謹(jǐn)對(duì)呂特首相和荷蘭政府為本次峰會(huì)所作的積極努力和周到安排，表示衷心的感謝！

上個(gè)世紀(jì)，原子的發(fā)現(xiàn)和核能的開(kāi)發(fā)利用給人類(lèi)發(fā)展帶來(lái)了新的動(dòng)力，極大增強(qiáng)了我們認(rèn)識(shí)世界和改造世界的能力。同時(shí)，核能發(fā)展也伴生著核安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和挑戰(zhàn)。人類(lèi)要更好利用核能、實(shí)現(xiàn)更大發(fā)展，就必須應(yīng)對(duì)好各種核安全挑戰(zhàn)，維護(hù)好核材料和核設(shè)施安全。

各位同事！

加強(qiáng)核安全是一個(gè)持續(xù)進(jìn)程。核能事業(yè)發(fā)展不停步，加強(qiáng)核安全的努力就不能停止。從2010年的華盛頓，到2012年的首爾，再到今天的海牙，核安全峰會(huì)承載著凝聚各國(guó)共識(shí)、深化核安全努力的重要使命。我們要堅(jiān)持理性、協(xié)調(diào)、并進(jìn)的核安全觀，把核安全進(jìn)程納入健康持續(xù)發(fā)展的軌道。

第一，發(fā)展和安全并重，以確保安全為前提發(fā)展核能事業(yè)。作為保障能源安全和應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的重要途徑，和平利用核能事業(yè)，如同普羅米修斯帶到人間的火種，為人類(lèi)發(fā)展點(diǎn)燃了希望之火，拓展了美好前景。同時(shí)，如果不能有效保障核能安全，不能妥善應(yīng)對(duì)核材料和核設(shè)施的潛在安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，就會(huì)給這一美好前景蒙上陰影，甚至帶來(lái)災(zāi)難。要使核能事業(yè)發(fā)展的希望之火永不熄滅，就必須牢牢堅(jiān)持安全第一原則。

我們要秉持為發(fā)展求安全、以安全促發(fā)展的理念，讓發(fā)展和安全兩個(gè)目標(biāo)有機(jī)融合，使各國(guó)政府和核能企業(yè)認(rèn)識(shí)到，任何以犧牲安全為代價(jià)的核能發(fā)展都難以持續(xù)，都不是真正的發(fā)展。只有采取切實(shí)舉措，才能真正管控風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；只有實(shí)現(xiàn)安全保障，核能才能持續(xù)發(fā)展。

第二，權(quán)利和義務(wù)并重，以尊重各國(guó)權(quán)益為基礎(chǔ)推進(jìn)國(guó)際核安全進(jìn)程。沒(méi)有規(guī)矩，不成方圓。各國(guó)要切實(shí)履行核安全國(guó)際法律文書(shū)規(guī)定的義務(wù)，全面執(zhí)行聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)有關(guān)決議，鞏固和發(fā)展現(xiàn)有核安全法律框架，為國(guó)際核安全努力提供制度保障和普遍遵循的指導(dǎo)原則。中國(guó)呼吁更多國(guó)家積極考慮批準(zhǔn)核材料實(shí)物保護(hù)公約及其修訂案、制止核恐怖主義行為國(guó)際公約。

各國(guó)國(guó)情不同，核能事業(yè)處于不同發(fā)展階段，面臨的核安全挑戰(zhàn)也不盡相同。一把鑰匙開(kāi)一把鎖。在強(qiáng)調(diào)各國(guó)履行有關(guān)國(guó)際義務(wù)的同時(shí)，也要尊重各國(guó)根據(jù)本國(guó)國(guó)情采取最適合自己的核安全政策和舉措的權(quán)利，尊重各國(guó)保護(hù)核安全敏感信息的權(quán)利，堅(jiān)持公平原則，本著務(wù)實(shí)精神，積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)國(guó)際核安全進(jìn)程。

第三，自主和協(xié)作并重，以互利共贏為途徑尋求普遍核安全。核安全首先是國(guó)家課題，首要責(zé)任應(yīng)該由各國(guó)政府承擔(dān)。各國(guó)政府要知責(zé)任、負(fù)責(zé)任，強(qiáng)化核安全意識(shí)，培育核安全文化，加強(qiáng)機(jī)制建設(shè)，提升技術(shù)水平。這既是對(duì)自己負(fù)責(zé)，也是對(duì)世界負(fù)責(zé)。

核安全也是全球性課題。一個(gè)木桶的盛水量，是由最短的那塊板決定的。一國(guó)核材料丟失，全世界都將面臨威脅。實(shí)現(xiàn)普遍核安全，需要各國(guó)攜手努力。我們要吸引更多國(guó)家加入國(guó)際核安全進(jìn)程，使各國(guó)既從中受益，也為之作出貢獻(xiàn)，爭(zhēng)取實(shí)現(xiàn)核安全進(jìn)程全球化。我們要加強(qiáng)交流、互鑒共享，有關(guān)多邊機(jī)制和倡議要統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)、協(xié)同努力，爭(zhēng)取做到即使不在同一起跑線上起跑，也不讓一個(gè)伙伴掉隊(duì)。

第四，治標(biāo)和治本并重，以消除根源為目標(biāo)全面推進(jìn)核安全努力。核安全涉及不同層面，既包括實(shí)施科學(xué)有效管理，發(fā)展先進(jìn)安全核能技術(shù)，也包括妥善應(yīng)對(duì)核恐怖主義和核擴(kuò)散。完善核安全政策舉措，發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化和低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的核能技術(shù)，堅(jiān)持核材料供需平衡，加強(qiáng)防擴(kuò)散出口控制，深化打擊核恐怖主義的國(guó)際合作，是消除核安全隱患和核擴(kuò)散風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的直接和有效途徑。

治標(biāo)還要治本。只有營(yíng)造和平穩(wěn)定的國(guó)際環(huán)境，發(fā)展和諧友善的國(guó)家關(guān)系，開(kāi)展和睦開(kāi)放的文明交流，才能從根源上解決核恐怖主義和核擴(kuò)散問(wèn)題，實(shí)現(xiàn)核能的持久安全和發(fā)展。

各位同事！

中國(guó)一向把核安全工作放在和平利用核能事業(yè)的首要位置，按照最嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)核材料和核設(shè)施實(shí)施管理。發(fā)展核能事業(yè)50多年來(lái)，中國(guó)保持了良好的核安全記錄。

荷蘭哲人伊拉斯謨說(shuō)過(guò)，預(yù)防勝于治療。近幾年，國(guó)際上發(fā)生的重大核事故為各國(guó)敲響了警鐘，我們必須盡一切可能防止歷史悲劇重演。

為防患于未然，中國(guó)全面采取了核安全保障舉措。我們著力提高核安全技術(shù)水平，提高核安全應(yīng)急能力，對(duì)全國(guó)核設(shè)施開(kāi)展了全面安全檢查，確保所有核材料和核設(shè)施得到有效安全保障。我們制定和實(shí)施了核安全中長(zhǎng)期規(guī)劃，完善國(guó)家核安全法規(guī)體系，正在制定國(guó)家核安全條例，扎實(shí)推進(jìn)核安全工作機(jī)制化、法制化。

中國(guó)積極推動(dòng)核安全國(guó)際合作。中國(guó)同美國(guó)合建的核安全示范中心舉行了奠基儀式，工程建設(shè)進(jìn)展順利。這個(gè)中心將為地區(qū)乃至國(guó)際核安全技術(shù)交流合作作出貢獻(xiàn)。中國(guó)在打擊核材料非法販運(yùn)領(lǐng)域同俄羅斯和哈薩克斯坦等國(guó)開(kāi)展一系列合作項(xiàng)目。中國(guó)支持在經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)可行的情況下，盡可能減少高濃鈾使用，正在國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)框架內(nèi)幫助加納把一個(gè)使用高濃鈾的研究堆改造為使用低濃鈾燃料。中國(guó)向國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)核安全基金捐款，通過(guò)舉辦培訓(xùn)班等方式，提升亞太地區(qū)國(guó)家核安全能力。

各位同事！

光明前進(jìn)一分，黑暗便后退一分。我們?cè)诤税踩I(lǐng)域多作一份努力，恐怖主義就少一次可乘之機(jī)。為實(shí)現(xiàn)持久核安全，中國(guó)愿意繼續(xù)作出自己的努力和貢獻(xiàn)。

第一，中國(guó)將堅(jiān)定不移增強(qiáng)自身核安全能力，繼續(xù)致力于加強(qiáng)核安全政府監(jiān)管能力建設(shè)，加大核安全技術(shù)研發(fā)和人力資源投入力度，堅(jiān)持培育和發(fā)展核安全文化。

第二，中國(guó)將堅(jiān)定不移參與構(gòu)建國(guó)際核安全體系，同各國(guó)一道推動(dòng)建立公平、合作、共贏的國(guó)際核安全體系，促進(jìn)各國(guó)共享和平利用核能事業(yè)的成果。

第三，中國(guó)將堅(jiān)定不移支持核安全國(guó)際合作，愿意為此分享技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，貢獻(xiàn)資源和平臺(tái)，促進(jìn)地區(qū)和國(guó)際核安全合作。中國(guó)支持國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用，鼓勵(lì)其幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家提高核安全能力。中國(guó)將繼續(xù)積極參與核安全活動(dòng)，邀請(qǐng)國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展實(shí)物保護(hù)咨詢(xún)服務(wù)。

第四，中國(guó)將堅(jiān)定不移維護(hù)地區(qū)和世界和平穩(wěn)定，堅(jiān)持和平發(fā)展、合作共贏，通過(guò)平等對(duì)話和友好協(xié)商妥善處理矛盾和爭(zhēng)端，同各國(guó)一道致力于消除核恐怖主義和核擴(kuò)散存在的根源。

各位同事！

加強(qiáng)核安全，既是我們的共同承諾，也是我們的共同責(zé)任。讓我們攜手合作，使各國(guó)人民對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)持久核安全更有信心、對(duì)核能事業(yè)造福人類(lèi)更有信心！

謝謝大家。

Statement by H.E. Xi Jinping

President of the People's Republic of China

At the Nuclear Security Summit

The Hague, 24 March 2014

Prime Minister Mark Rutte,

Dear Colleagues,

Today, we are meeting here at The Hague for an important discussion on the ways for enhancing nuclear security. First of all, I wish to express heartfelt thanks to Prime Minister Rutte and the Dutch government for the active efforts and thoughtful arrangements they have made for this summit.

During the 20th century, the discovery of the atom and the subsequent development and utilization of nuclear energy gave new impetus to the progress of humanity and greatly enhanced our ability to understand and shape the world. Yet the development of nuclear energy has its associated risks and challenges. To make better use of nuclear energy and achieve greater progress, mankind must be able to respond to various nuclear security challenges and ensure the safety of nuclear materials and facilities.

Dear Colleagues,

Enhancing nuclear security is a never-ending process. As long as we continue to tap nuclear energy, we shall not stop our efforts to enhance nuclear security. From Washington D.C. in 2010 to Seoul in 2012 and to The Hague today, the Nuclear Security Summit (NSS) has the great responsibility of building international consensus and deepening nuclear security efforts. We must follow a sensible, coordinated and balanced approach to nuclear security and put it on the track of sound and sustainable development.

First, we should place equal emphasis on development and security, and develop nuclear energy on the premise of security. The peaceful use of nuclear energy is important to ensuring energy security and tackling climate change. Like Prometheus who gave fire to humanity, the peaceful use of nuclear energy has sparked a flame of hope and opened up a bright future for mankind. On the other hand, without effective safeguards for nuclear safety and without an adequate response to the potential security risks of nuclear materials and facilities, such a bright future will be overshadowed by dark clouds or even ruined by resulting disasters. Therefore, we must strictly abide by the principle of making safety the top priority if we are to keep the flame of hope for nuclear energy development burning forever.

We must follow the approach of enhancing security for the sake of development and promoting development by upholding security, and bring the goals of development and security in alignment with each other. We must convince the national governments and nuclear power companies of all countries that developing nuclear energy at the expense of security can neither be sustainable nor bring real development. Only by adopting credible steps and safeguards, can we keep the risks under effective control and develop nuclear energy in a sustainable way.

Second, we should place equal emphasis on rights and obligations, and push forward the international nuclear security process on the basis of respecting the rights and interests of all countries. Nothing can be accomplished without following norms and standards. All countries should earnestly fulfill their obligations under international legal instruments relating to nuclear security, fully implement the relevant UN Security Council resolutions, consolidate and strengthen the existing legal framework governing nuclear security, and provide institutional support and universally accepted guidelines for international efforts to enhance nuclear security. China hopes that more countries will consider ratifying the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and its amendment and the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism.

Countries differ in national condition and stage of nuclear power development, and the nuclear security challenges they face also vary from one to another. As the saying goes, you need different keys to open different locks. While stressing the importance of countries honoring their international obligations, we should respect their right to adopt nuclear security policies and measures best suited to their specific conditions as well as their right to protect sensitive nuclear security information. We should adopt a fair and pragmatic attitude and advance the international nuclear security process in an active yet prudent manner.

Third, we should place equal emphasis on independent and collaborative efforts, and seek universal nuclear security through win-win cooperation. Nuclear security is first and foremost a national goal, and the primary responsibility must be borne by national governments. They must understand and undertake their responsibilities, develop a stronger awareness of nuclear security, foster a nuclear security culture, strengthen institutions and enhance technological capacity. This is the responsible thing to do not only for their own sake but also for the good of the world.

Nuclear security is also a global endeavor. The amount of water a bucket can hold is determined by its shortest plank. The loss of nuclear material in one country can be a threat to the whole world. A concerted, global effort is therefore required to achieve universal nuclear security. We must bring more countries into the international nuclear security process and try to turn it into a global undertaking, so that all will contribute to and benefit from it. We should strengthen exchanges to learn from each other and share experience, and improve coordination between the relevant multilateral mechanisms and initiatives. Although the starting line may be different for different countries, we should make sure that no one falls behind in this common endeavor.

Fourth, we should place equal emphasis on treating symptoms and addressing causes, and advance the nuclear security endeavor in all respects with the goal of removing the associated risks at the root. The issue of nuclear security has many dimensions, from exercising sound and effective management to developing advanced and secure nuclear energy technologies and to dealing with nuclear terrorism and nuclear proliferation. To eliminate the potential risks of nuclear security and nuclear proliferation in a direct and effective way, we must improve relevant policies and measures, develop modern, low-risk nuclear energy technologies, maintain balanced supply and demand of nuclear materials, strengthen non-proliferation efforts and export control, and deepen international cooperation against nuclear terrorism.

But more importantly, we must tackle the root causes. We need to foster a peaceful and stable international environment, encourage harmonious and friendly relations between countries, and conduct exchanges among different civilizations in an amicable and open-minded manner. This is the only way to tackle the root causes of nuclear terrorism and nuclear proliferation, and to achieve lasting security and development of nuclear power.

Dear Colleagues,

China gives top priority to nuclear security in the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and manages nuclear materials and facilities according to the highest standard. China has maintained a good record of nuclear security in the past fifty years and more.

According to Dutch philosopher Erasmus, prevention is better than cure. The horrific nuclear accidents of the past few years have rung the alarm bell for all of us, and we must do whatever we can to prevent a recurrence of past tragedies.

As a precautionary step, China has tightened nuclear security measures across the board. We have made great efforts to improve our technology and emergency response, and conducted comprehensive security checks on nuclear facilities across the country to make sure that all nuclear materials and facilities are placed under effective safeguards. We have adopted and implemented a medium- and long-term program on nuclear security and improved the legal framework, and we are in the process of drafting national regulations with a view to putting nuclear security endeavor on an institutional and legal footing.

China has made actively promoted international cooperation on nuclear security. Groundbreaking was held for the Center of Excellence on Nuclear Security, a joint project between China and the United States, and construction of the Center is well under way. It will contribute to technical exchanges and cooperation on nuclear security in the region and beyond. China has launched a number of cooperation projects with Russia and Kazakhstan to combat illicit trafficking of nuclear materials. China supports the efforts to reduce as much as possible the use of highly enriched uranium (HEU) when economically and technologically feasible, and is helping Ghana to convert an HEU-fueled research reactor to using low enriched uranium (LEU) within the IAEA framework. China has also made contributions to the IAEA Nuclear Security Fund, and helped enhance the nuclear security capability of Asia-Pacific countries through hosting training sessions and a variety of other ways.

Dear Colleagues,

Where light inches forward, darkness retreats. The more we do to enhance nuclear security, the less chance we will leave to terrorists. To achieve lasting nuclear security, China will continue its efforts in the following areas:

First, China will stay firmly committed to strengthening its own nuclear security capability. We will continue to enhance the government's regulatory capacity, increase investments in relevant technological development and human resources, and foster and develop a nuclear security culture.

Second, China will stay firmly committed to building the international nuclear security system. We will work with other countries to build an international nuclear security system featuring fairness and win-win cooperation, and encourage countries to share the fruits of peaceful use of nuclear energy.

Third, China will stay firmly committed to supporting international cooperation on nuclear security. We stand ready to share technology, experience, resources and platforms to promote regional and international nuclear security cooperation. China supports the IAEA's leading role and encourages it to help developing countries build up nuclear security capacity. China will continue to take an active part in nuclear security activities, and invite IAEA to conduct International Physical Protection Advisory Service.

Fourth, China will stay firmly committed to upholding regional and global peace and stability. We will continue to pursue peaceful development and win-win cooperation, handle differences and disputes through equal-footed dialogue and friendly consultations, and work with all other countries to remove the root causes of nuclear terrorism and nuclear proliferation.

Dear Colleagues,

To strengthen nuclear security is our shared commitment and common responsibility. Let us work together so that people in the world will have more confidence in lasting nuclear security and the benefits nuclear power brings them.

Thank you.