Merriam-Webster has picked a small but powerful suffix as word of the year: ism.
韋氏詞典選取了短小卻富有影響力的單詞后綴“-主義”作為2015年年度詞匯。

But not just any ism. The top isms to earn high traffic spikes and big bumps in lookups on the dictionary company's website in 2015 over the year before are socialism, fascism, racism, feminism, communism, capitalism and terrorism.
但不是任何主義都能當(dāng)選。據(jù)韋氏公司的統(tǒng)計(jì)，在過(guò)去的一年中，韋氏大詞典官方網(wǎng)站查詢功能耗費(fèi)流量最多的“主義”有社會(huì)主義，法西斯主義，種族主義，女權(quán)主義，共產(chǎn)主義，資本主義以及恐怖主義。

"We had a lot on our minds this year," mused Peter Sokolowski, the Springfield, Massachusetts-based company's editor at large, in a recent interview. "It's a serious year. These are words of ideas and practices. We're educating ourselves."
“今年，我們經(jīng)歷了很多，”馬薩諸塞州斯普林菲爾德（Springfield）韋氏公司的編輯彼得·索科洛夫斯基在近期的采訪中沉思道?！斑@是沉重的一年。這些詞語(yǔ)背后都涵蓋著相關(guān)理念和實(shí)踐。我們?cè)谶x詞的過(guò)程中也訓(xùn)誡了自身。”

Pinpointing reasons why words go on the run at Merriam-Webster is an educated guess. The dictionary company tracks corresponding news events to link lookups to real life. And its researchers also crunch data in a way that filters out common words frequently looked up year after year after year when making their top annual choices.
人們考察韋氏詞典選取年度詞匯的原因仍然只是有根據(jù)的猜測(cè)。韋氏公司追蹤相關(guān)新聞事件，將網(wǎng)站查詢功能與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活銜接起來(lái)。調(diào)查人員在選取年度詞匯時(shí)，將人們年復(fù)一年頻繁查詢的普通詞匯過(guò)濾掉，進(jìn)而處理相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。

Lookups for racism corresponded to release of video in November showing a white police officer shooting a black teenager in Chicago, and the criminal charges that followed. Merriam-Webster also saw a stronger correlation in heavy traffic on its site for that word and "fascist" and flash points in Republican Donald Trump's presidential campaign, including reports on his anti-Islam rhetoric.
人們查詢種族主義時(shí)，會(huì)搜尋到發(fā)布于11月份的一個(gè)視頻，內(nèi)容是芝加哥有個(gè)白人警官開(kāi)槍射殺了一名黑人青年，以及后續(xù)的刑事起訴。韋氏公司也發(fā)現(xiàn)了該視頻與其網(wǎng)站上“種族主義”、“法西斯主義者”等詞的高點(diǎn)擊率有著密切聯(lián)系，該視頻也成為共和黨人唐納德·特朗普參與總統(tǒng)選舉以及他做出反伊斯蘭言論的導(dǎo)火索。

The isms often collide, driving each other in popularity, Sokolowski said.
不同主義間相互碰撞，使各自的名聲越來(lái)越大，索科洛夫斯基說(shuō)道。

"Fascism we more closely associate as the response to various acts of terrorism. After the attacks in Paris and the attacks in Colorado Springs and in San Bernardino, and because of Donald Trump's proposal to ban Muslims, we then see the word fascism spike," he said.
“當(dāng)我們注意到各種恐怖主義行動(dòng)時(shí)，我們便會(huì)進(jìn)一步聯(lián)想到法西斯主義。我們可以從巴黎襲擊事件，科羅拉多斯普林斯（Colorado Springs）以及圣貝納迪諾（San Bernardino）槍擊事件，以及唐納德·特朗普提議取締伊斯蘭教中看到法西斯主義的影子，”他說(shuō)道。

Lookups of racism were high all year but had two noticeable spikes, one after the South Carolina church shootings and another amid the University of Missouri protests.
人們對(duì)種族主義的查詢的熱情全年高昂，同時(shí)在下述的兩大事件中也可以看到它的影子，一是南卡羅來(lái)納州教堂槍擊案，另一個(gè)是密蘇里大學(xué)學(xué)生的游行抗議活動(dòng)。

Sokolowski, a lexicographer by training, said one spike in lookups for feminism came in April and corresponded with reports on an Ohio middle school student who wore a T-shirt with the word printed on it in a school photo, only to have it digitally blacked out by school administrators. The school later apologized.
索科洛夫斯基是一名詞典編篡家，他說(shuō)，人們可以從今年4月發(fā)生的事情以及相關(guān)報(bào)導(dǎo)中發(fā)現(xiàn)女權(quán)主義的影子，俄亥俄州一名中學(xué)學(xué)生身穿印有“女權(quán)主義”的T恤出現(xiàn)在學(xué)校的宣傳照上，稍后人們發(fā)現(xiàn)“女權(quán)主義”被學(xué)校管理人員用技術(shù)方式抹掉了。隨后，學(xué)校對(duì)此表示了道歉。

Reports on Caitlyn Jenner, Amy Schumer and Hillary Clinton all included discussion of feminism, as did reviews of the film "Mad Max: Fury Road" and chatter about previews of "Star Wars: The Force Awakens."
關(guān)于凱特琳·詹納，艾米·舒默以及希拉里·克林頓的所有報(bào)導(dǎo)都涵蓋有女權(quán)主義的討論，人們對(duì)電影《瘋狂的麥克斯：狂暴之路》的評(píng)論，以及對(duì)《星球大戰(zhàn)：原力喚醒》預(yù)告的討論也是如此。

In addition, Emma Watson's 2014 UN speech made the news again twice this year; first for inspiring Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai to call herself a feminist in a viral video, and again when it was revealed that Watson was asked not to use the word at all in the speech, Sokolowski noted.
另外，艾瑪·沃特森2014年聯(lián)合國(guó)的演講在今年制造了有關(guān)女權(quán)主義的兩大新聞，第一條是在一個(gè)病毒視頻中鼓勵(lì)諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)獲得者馬拉拉·尤沙夫賽自稱為女權(quán)主義者，第二條新聞則是有人揭露沃特森被要求在演講時(shí)不可使用女權(quán)主義這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)，索科洛夫斯基說(shuō)道。

The word socialism has Bernie Sanders to thank for its popularity.
“社會(huì)主義”這個(gè)詞的流行要感謝伯尼·桑德斯。

"The big spikes have been associated with the fact that we have a presidential candidate who identifies as a Democratic Socialist," Sokolowski said. "We saw that even though socialism was in the Top 10 of the most looked-up words in the whole history of the site, it increased in a spike beginning in late July when Bernie Sanders had a multicity rally that was organized through social media and attracted about 100,000 people in 3,000 communities or more around the country."
“我們有個(gè)被視為民主主義者的總統(tǒng)候選人，'社會(huì)主義'這個(gè)詞的潛在影響與此密切相關(guān)，”索科洛夫斯基說(shuō)道?！拔覀冏⒁獾剑?社會(huì)主義'即使是在韋氏網(wǎng)站的整個(gè)查詢史中，也能入選十大高查詢頻率詞匯，而在7月底，伯尼·桑德斯通過(guò)社交媒體組織開(kāi)展的多城市集會(huì)，吸引了全國(guó)超過(guò)3000個(gè)社區(qū)10萬(wàn)人參加，在這之后，'社會(huì)主義'提高了其影響力。"

In October, lookups for socialism spiked again during the first Democratic debate featuring Sanders and Clinton.
10月，自桑德斯和克林頓第一場(chǎng)民主討論系列活動(dòng)展開(kāi)以來(lái)，“社會(huì)主義”再次上了熱搜榜。

John Morse, president and publisher of Merriam-Webster, said socialism led the ism charge after a strong showing in 2012, but the company decided to go with the broader suffix instead as word of the year "because it was hard not see a bigger story staring us in the face, which was the profusion of ism words all over the most frequently looked-up list."
韋氏公司的董事長(zhǎng)、出版商約翰·莫爾斯說(shuō)，“社會(huì)主義”在2012年的一番強(qiáng)勁展示后引起了人們對(duì)“主義”的關(guān)注，但是公司決定使用更具廣泛意義的后綴而不是這個(gè)詞作為年度詞匯，“因?yàn)楹茈y不去注意我們手中的數(shù)據(jù)，在單詞查詢榜上有許許多多的以‘主義’為后綴的詞語(yǔ)?！?/p>

Other ism words on the move at Merriam-Webster.com this year were professionalism, masochism, federalism, pragmatism, existentialism, hedonism and Marxism.
今年，韋氏大詞典官方網(wǎng)站上的其他“主義”詞匯有專業(yè)主義，受虐主義，聯(lián)邦主義，實(shí)用主義，存在主義，英雄主義以及馬克思主義。

Other words that sent people to the site in high numbers include marriage, hypocrite, respect, inspiration and minion. The company does not release raw numbers of lookups.
其他的能將網(wǎng)友送進(jìn)這個(gè)網(wǎng)址，出現(xiàn)次數(shù)較多的詞匯有婚姻，偽君子，尊敬，激勵(lì)和仆從。韋氏公司并沒(méi)有公布原始搜索數(shù)據(jù)。

"Inspiration still kind of baffles us," Morse said. "I can't really tell you what it is in the world of 2015 that is so much different from '14 that inspiration has moved up."
“我們對(duì)‘激勵(lì)’這個(gè)詞仍然感到困惑，”莫爾斯說(shuō)，“我無(wú)法確切地告訴你‘激勵(lì)’這個(gè)詞查詢頻率上升的原因，也無(wú)法說(shuō)明2015年這個(gè)的含義為何與14年的大不相同?！?/p>

The company began picking a word of the year in 2003. It went with "culture" in 2014.
韋氏公司于2013年開(kāi)始選取年度詞匯。2014年的年度詞匯是“文化”。

This year's word of the year at Dictionary.com is identity. The folks at Oxford Dictionaries went with a pictograph, an emoji called the "Face with Tears of Joy."
《字典在線》的2015年年度詞匯是“身份認(rèn)同”?！杜＝蜃值洹返哪甓仍~匯則是一個(gè)表情符號(hào)——“笑哭了”。

英文來(lái)源：美聯(lián)社
譯者：廖林敏
審校&編輯：丹妮