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'Post-truth' declared word of the year by Oxford Dictionaries
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到了年底,各類(lèi)年度詞匯評(píng)選都開(kāi)始宣布結(jié)果。此前,我們報(bào)道過(guò),Brexit(英國(guó)脫歐)被選為柯林斯詞典的2016年度詞匯。昨日,牛津詞典宣布其2016年度詞匯為post-truth(后真相),單獨(dú)發(fā)布的英美年度詞匯也是這個(gè)詞。今年進(jìn)入牛津詞典年度詞匯候選的還包括adulting,Brexiteer,glass cliff等。
Oxford Dictionaries has declared "post-truth" as its 2016 international word of the year, reflecting what it called a "highly-charged" political 12 months.
《牛津詞典》宣布post-truth(后真相)為2016年度詞匯,這個(gè)詞反應(yīng)了這一年政治領(lǐng)域“高度緊張”的狀態(tài)。
It is defined as an adjective relating to circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than emotional appeals.
詞典將post-truth定義為形容詞,描述的是客觀事實(shí)對(duì)公眾意見(jiàn)的影響沒(méi)有感性訴求產(chǎn)生的影響大這樣一個(gè)狀況。
Its selection follows June's Brexit vote and the US presidential election.
這個(gè)詞當(dāng)選是拜6月份英國(guó)脫歐公投和美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選所賜。
Oxford Dictionaries' Casper Grathwohl said post-truth could become "one of the defining words of our time".
《牛津詞典》的Casper Grathwohl表示,post-truth或?qū)⒊蔀椤岸x我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的詞匯之一”。
Post-truth, which has become associated with the phrase "post-truth politics", was chosen ahead of other political terms, including "Brexiteer" and "alt-right".
Post-truth(后真相)經(jīng)常跟post-truth politics(后真相政治)一起出現(xiàn),此次評(píng)選中被甩在后面的其他政治詞匯有Brexiteer(脫歐支持者)和alt-right(另類(lèi)右翼)。
Oxford Dictionaries says post-truth is thought to have been first used in 1992.
《牛津詞典》表示,post-truth這個(gè)詞首次使用是在1992年。
However, it says the frequency of its usage increased by 2,000% in 2016 compared with last year, coinciding with the EU referendum and the campaign for the White House in the US.
不過(guò),詞典表示,這個(gè)詞在2016年的使用率比上一年增長(zhǎng)了2000%,而今年正好是脫歐公投和美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選之年。
Mr Grathwohl said: "Fuelled by the rise of social media as a news source and a growing distrust of facts offered up by the establishment, post-truth as a concept has been finding its linguistic footing for some time," he said.
Grathwohl先生說(shuō):“隨著社交媒體崛起成為新聞來(lái)源,同時(shí)人們對(duì)主流機(jī)構(gòu)提供的事實(shí)越發(fā)不信任,post-truth這個(gè)理念的語(yǔ)言學(xué)根基其實(shí)已經(jīng)形成一段時(shí)間了。”
"We first saw the frequency really spike this year in June with buzz over the Brexit vote and again in July when Donald Trump secured the Republican presidential nomination.
“我們最開(kāi)始注意到這個(gè)詞使用頻率暴增是在今年6月英國(guó)脫歐公投期間,后來(lái)7月份,特朗普被確定為共和黨總統(tǒng)候選人時(shí)使用頻率再次明顯增加?!?/p>
"Given that usage of the term hasn't shown any signs of slowing down, I wouldn't be surprised if post-truth becomes one of the defining words of our time."
“鑒于目前這個(gè)詞的使用頻率還沒(méi)有降低的跡象,post-truth最終成為定義我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的詞匯之一,我也不會(huì)覺(jué)得奇怪?!?/p>
2016年其他入選詞匯
Adulting:像一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)任的成年人一樣行為處事,尤其是完成一些單調(diào)但必要的任務(wù)
Alt-right:完整的拼寫(xiě)方式為alternative right,即“另類(lèi)右翼”,持有極端保守或反對(duì)變革觀點(diǎn)的意識(shí)形態(tài)組織,主要特點(diǎn)是反對(duì)主流政治,通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體故意散布有爭(zhēng)議的內(nèi)容
Brexiteer :英國(guó)脫歐支持者
Chatbot:聊天機(jī)器人
Coulrophobia:小丑恐懼癥
Glass cliff:玻璃懸崖,指女性或少數(shù)族裔在頗具挑戰(zhàn)的情形下升到領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層職位,工作過(guò)程中遭遇失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高
Hygge:舒適愜意,這個(gè)詞讀作[heu-gah],是丹麥文化的一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn),描述的是生活舒適滿(mǎn)足的狀態(tài)
Latinx:拉美移民或后裔,這個(gè)詞是Latino或Latina的中性拼寫(xiě)方式
Woke:警示社會(huì)中的不公平行為,尤指種族主義,最初多在非洲裔美國(guó)人當(dāng)中使用
2015年《牛津詞典》年度詞匯:face with tears of joy
英文來(lái)源:BBC
翻譯:馬文英
編審:yaning
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